Introduction Foreign bodies are quite rarely encountered in the paranasal sinuses. In the literature, intracranial foreign bodies are usually observed in the orbital and frontal sinuses and nasal region (1, 2). Garces and Norris (3) reported that 70% of these foreign bodies usually appeared after maxillofacial traumas and 30% appeared during or after dental procedures of maxilla. Foreign bodies...

Foreign body inhalation affects thousands of children every year, and it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Inhaled organic or inorganic foreign bodies can become lodged in the posterior nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, or bronchi. Presentation of foreign body inhalation can range from nonspecific respiratory symptoms to respiratory failure associated with a chokin...

Countries have accumulated massive foreign reserve portfolios, but the reasons for doing so remain debated. I document a new empirical fact on the compositions of foreign reserve portfolios, and argue that the prevalence of the dollar supports an explanation in which foreign reserves hedge liquidity shocks to dollarized financial systems. First, I fit a Bayesian dynamic linear model to extract ...

Introduction: Determination of type and location of trapped objects and endoscopic observations among children with foreign-body ingestion. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 105 endoscopic records of patients presenting with foreign-body ingestion from 2001–2011. Results: Button batteries were the most common objects removed (41%). The lower segment of the esophagus was the most common trappi...

Foreign body aspiration is a potentially life-threatening event especially in those who are younger than 5 years old. Aspiration could be presented as a spectrum, ranging from absolutely asymptomatic event to more sever events including choking, respiratory distress and cyanosis or even death. Although foreign bodies in lung may not be visualized on X-ray, X-ray radiography is considered as a f...

OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to document the aerodigestive tract foreign body accidents among children, and to investigate the circumstances surrounding these events. METHODS A review of the charts of pediatric patients admitted with the definitive or suspicious diagnosis of aerodigestive tract foreign bodies was carried out in the period between January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2002. ...

One of the most important policies concerning the adjustment of foreign trade is to allocate foreign currency by establishing an exchange control system. The mechanism of this would be so that the Central Bank operates or supervises all transactions concerning foreign exchange. However, the controlling system, like all other international systems of payment, operates with some adjustments and i...

Cotton quality, a major factor determining both cotton profitability and marketability, is affected by not only the overall quantity of but also the type of the foreign matter. Although current commercial instruments can measure the overall amount of the foreign matter, no instrument can differentiate various types of foreign matter. The goal of this study was to develop a hyperspectral imaging...

PURPOSE The intraorbital wooden foreign body is often misdiagnosed or missed on computed tomog- raphy (CT) scan, due to the invisible or unclear images. The residual foreign bodies often occur during surgical removal. The clinical manifestations, imaging features and treatment of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies were discussed in this study. METHOD We retrospectively analyzed 14 cases of in...

What determines the decision of an inventor to seek patent protection in a foreign jurisdiction, particularly one where intellectual property rights protection is weak? This paper focuses on competition as a determinant of the patenting decision in the context of the recent foreign patenting surge in China. Using a database that comprises of all patents granted by China’s State Intellectual Pro...