Often we encounter documents with text printed on complex color background. Readability of textual contents in such documents is very poor due to complexity of the background and mix up of color(s) of foreground text with colors of background. Automatic segmentation of foreground text in such document images is very much essential for smooth reading of the document contents either by human or b...

Polarized emission from dust is an important foreground that can hinder the progress in polarized CMB studies unless carefully accounted for. We discuss potential difficulties associated with the dust foreground, namely, the existence of different grain populations with very different emission/polarization properties and variations of the polarization yield with grain temperature. In this conte...

We estimate the dust polarized emission in our galaxy at high galactic latitudes, which is the dominant foreground for measuring CMB polarization using the high frequency instrument (HFI) aboard Planck surveyor. We compare it with the level of CMB polarization and conclude that, for angular scales ≤ 1 • , the scalar-induced CMB polarization and temperature-polarization cross-correlation are muc...

Mung bean is vulnerable to bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.), resulting in low quality and losses worldwide. Developing resistant cultivars the most effective, economical, eco-friendly way protect mung seeds from damage of bruchids. Previously, we identified two gene loci that are tightly linked with bruchid resistance, which makes new cultivar development possible using molecular assisted selecti...

Polarized Galactic synchrotron emission is an undesirable foreground for cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments observing at frequencies $< 150$ GHz. We perform a combined analysis of observational data 1.4, 2.3, 23, 30 and 33 GHz to quantify the spatial variation polarized spectral index, $\beta^{pol}$, on $\sim3.5^\circ$ scales. compare results from different combinations address limit...

Digital matting consists in extracting a foreground element from a background image. Besides the image, usual matting methods need to be initialized with two disjoint regions : the set of foreground only pixels and the set of background only pixels. Pixels belonging to none of these two regions are considered as an undetermined blending between the foreground and the background. Here, one has t...

This work presents a framework for robust foreground detection that works under difficult conditions such as dynamic background and nominally moving camera. The proposed method includes two main components: coarse scene representation as the union of pixel layers, and foreground detection in video by propagating these layers using a maximum-likelihood assignment. Instead of modelling each pixel...