The mental foramen (MF) is a funnel-like opening located on the lateral aspect of the mandible. It is an important anatomical landmark through which the inferior alveolar nerve and vessel bundles pass. Once the nerve leaves the MF, it branches to innervate the anterior teeth and neighboring structures. The blood vessels supply the soft tissues of the lower jaw. Surgeons must establish the posit...

A long-term denture wearer exhibited advanced alveolar bone loss, resulting in an atrophic mandible. Symphyseal bone height was 10 mm. The inferior alveolar nerve and mental foramen were close to the crest of the mandible. The symphyseal region was available for endosteal implant placement. Patient was an 83-year-old white male who was medically compromised. Anticoagulant therapy was stopped an...

Introduction Understanding the anatomy of pterygomandibular fossa is crucial for dentists since it is one of the target spaces for inferior alveolar nerve blocks prior to dental treatment. Failure of achieving adequate anesthesia was reported in 20% of inferior alveolar blocks [1]. The sphenomandibular ligament and the interpterygoid fascia are integral structures that define this area [2]. The...

The foramen tympanicum is an anatomical variation that is created in the tympanic plate of temporal bone during the first year of life. The tympanic plate grows and foramen tympanicum is gradually closed by about the fifth postnatal year. However, due to a defect in normal ossification, foramen tympanicum sporadically remains throughout life. The construction of a shopping center in Tabriz, nor...