Wild populations of the world's most common dabbling duck, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), run the risk of genetic introgression by farmed conspecifics released for hunting purposes. We tested whether bill morphology of free-living birds has changed since large-scale releases of farmed mallards started. Three groups of mallards from Sweden, Norway and Finland were compared: historical wild (b...

Current HIV-1 vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) are not induced by current vaccines, but are found in plasma in ∼20% of HIV-1-infected individuals after several years of infection. One strategy for induction of unfavored antibody responses is to produce homogeneous immunogens that selectively express BnAb epitopes but minimally expr...

1 2 Modeling of identity-by-descent processes along a chromosome between 3 haplotypes and their genotyped ancestors 4 5 T. Druet,* and F. Farnir 6 *Unit of Animal Genomics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biomedical 7 Integrative Genoproteomics 8 Unit of Animal Productions, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 9 Liège, Belgium 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2...

The common ancestors of today’s humans and today’s chimpanzees presumably lived several million years ago. Then, due to genetic mutations and/or changes in the environment, the population split into the ancestors of humans and the ancestors of chimpanzees. Such a separation of one species into two is called “speciation”. It is easily explained if the two populations live in separate environment...

Both small GTPase and its activating protein (GAP) superfamilies exist in various eukaryotes. The small GTPases regulate a wide variety of cellular processes by cycling between active GTP- and inactive GAP-bound conformations. The GAPs promote GTPase inactivation by stimulating the GTP hydrolysis. In this study, we identified 111 small GTPases and 85 GAPs in rice, 65 GAPs in Arabidopsis, 90 sma...

The aim of the research is to study probability manifestation haplotype fertility AH1 in Ayrshire sires with different variants presence AH1C male ancestors first four rows their pedigree. Materials and methods. material was data electronic database created at RRIFAGB on 74 sire breed Russia, which 22 are carriers genetic defect - AH1C, rest free AH1F. To find patterns tested bulls, we analyzed...

INTRODUCTION Inbreeding coefficients for 9.3 million registered Holsteins were computed by constructing a small relationship matrix for each animal and its arxestors instead of one large matrix for the whole population. Recent cows averaged 2.0% inbreeding if each pedigree path was extended to the most recent ancestor born before 1960. Inbreeding was underestimated because some pedigrees includ...

Ancestral processes are fundamental to modern population genetics and spatial structure has been the subject of intense interest for many years. Despite this interest, almost nothing is known about the distribution of the locations of pedigree or genetic ancestors. Using both spatially continuous and stepping-stone models, we show that the distribution of pedigree ancestors approaches a travell...

The recent genealogical history of human populations is a complex mosaic formed by individual migration, large-scale population movements, and other demographic events. Population genomics datasets can provide a window into this recent history, as rare traces of recent shared genetic ancestry are detectable due to long segments of shared genomic material. We make use of genomic data for 2,257 E...