18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Fruit color changes during ripening are typically viewed as an adaptation to increase signal efficacy to seed dispersers. Plants can increase signal efficacy by enhancing chromatic (wavelength-related) and/or achromatic (intensity-related) contrasts between fruit and background. To assess how these contrasts determine the d...

Estimation of coherent and incoherent radio frequency (RF) signal attenuation through foliage is of great importance for a number of radar and communication problems. At UHF band and higher frequencies foliage presents a complex environment for electromagnetic waves in terms of scattering and wave propagation. For most applications, dealing with complex foliage models that account for single an...

Gas exchange was measured on a pruned Pinus radiata D. Don hedge and on a long-branch P. radiata tree near Hamilton, New Zealand, in spring 1993 when soil water content was close to field capacity. Foliage at the end of long branches (9.0 m) showed a marked drop in net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance as the saturation deficit increased, whereas foliage on short branches (0.5 m) sho...

Chemically inducible production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in transgenic plants may provide considerable benefits in preventing or delaying the evolution of insect resistance to Bt crops by creating within-plant temporal refuges. We examined the effect of inducible cry1Ab expression on survival of different genotypes (RR, RS, and SS) of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in ...

Eight male cattle of Local Yellow breed with an average live weight of 121 kg and an average age of 18 months were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of sun-dried cassava foliage supplementation (Manihot esculenta) on intake, digestibility and N retention. Rice straw ad libitum and para grass (Brachiaria mutica) at 1% DM of BW comprised the basal diet. The study was arranged as a ...

abstract large-scale mortality of in vitro raisedplantlets occurred during acclimatization, i.e. glasshouse hardening, and later at field transfer still has remained as a significant bottleneck in micropropagation. the usefulness potential of some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) to minimize mortality rate of three commercial grape rootstock genotypes during glasshouse acclimatization was stu...