The well-known third list homomorphism theorem states that if a function h is both an instance of foldr and foldl , it is a list homomorphism. Plenty of previous works devoted to constructing list homomorphisms, however, overlook the fact that proving h is both a foldr and a foldl is often the hardest part which, once done, already provides a useful hint about what the resulting list homomorphi...

The CCAAT box is one of the most common cis-elements present in eukaryotic promoters and is bound by the transcription factor NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y). NF-Y is composed of three subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. Unlike animals and fungi, plants have significantly expanded the number of genes encoding NF-Y subunits. We provide a comprehensive classification of NF-Y genes, with a separation of cl...

This contribution focusses on stromatolites and oncolites as tools to seek diverse environmental climate information at different temporal scales. The scales are: (a) Low frequency, dealing with macroscopic megascopic scales, (b) high involving calendar solar frequency bands. Two depositional environments are used for this purpose: Fluvial fluvial–lacustrine, which can develop under moderate gr...

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The evolution of meandering rivers continues to attract considerable attention in research and for practical applications, given that it is closely associated with the safety river systems riparian zones. There has been much discussion regarding various channel planform features exhibited by under different conditions. Yimin River a good example located southeast Hulun Buir Grassland, which cha...

BACKGROUND Variance in microarray studies has been widely discussed as a critical topic on the identification of differentially expressed genes; however, few studies have addressed the influence of estimating variance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To break intra- and inter-individual variance in clinical studies down to three levels--technical, anatomic, and individual--we designed experime...

This paper describes XRCE’s participation in Large Scale Visual Concept Detection and Annotation Task [16] and Photo Retrieval Task [17] of ImageCLEF 2009. Those tasks both use a new collection which is different and which is much larger than the ones used in past sessions. Moreover, new kinds of challenge to tackle were designed such as new categories to detect or new types of topic to deal wi...

The authors show by illustration that procedures used to validate the reliability of single-concentration high-throughput screens such as the signal window and Z' factor do not ensure sufficient reliability in potency estimates from concentration response assays. They develop the minimum significant ratio as a statistical parameter to characterize the fold change between 2 compounds run in the ...

In this work we present a probabilistic model to estimate summaries of Affymetrix GeneChip probe level data. Comparisons with two different models were made both on a publicly available dataset and on a study performed in our laboratory, showing that our model performs better for consistency of fold change.