The structures, mechanisms of action and resistance, and spectra of activity of the fluoroquinolones in vitro were considered in the first part of our two-part minireview (48). To place this foregoing information in clinical perspective, we now discuss in this the second part of the minireview the published English literature on the pharmacology, proved and potential clinical uses, and toxiciti...

Point mutations conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones were introduced in the gyr genes of the reference strain Clostridium difficile 630. Only mutants with the substitution Thr-82→Ile in GyrA, which characterizes the hypervirulent epidemic clone III/027/NAP1, were resistant to all fluoroquinolones tested. The absence of a fitness cost in vitro for the most frequent mutations detected in res...

Abstract— The influence of the structure fluoroquinolones (on example ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) their complexation with methyl-?-cyclodextrin on interaction drug human serum albumin was studied. It found that binding molecule is significantly affected by fluoroquinolone, as well presence methyl-?-cyclodextrin. discovered two fluoroquinolones, more hydrophobic interacts strongly protein, u...

PURPOSE To evaluate the fluoroquinolone susceptibilities of ocular isolate coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), identified at the Microbiology Laboratory - UNIFESP. DESIGN Experimental laboratory investigation. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 21 strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) and 22 methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negat...

The respiratory fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and high-dose levofloxacin are recommended in guidelines for effective empirical antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The use of these antibiotics for this indication in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) has been questioned due to the perception that they contribute both to delays in the diagnos...

Respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious presentation in the community and hospital settings and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, newer fluoroquinolones have been recommended for the treatment of these infections. Among them, moxifloxacin shows improved activity against gram-positive pathogens, has maintained potency against gram-negative orga...

Fluoroquinolones are widely used in both community and hospital settings. E.coli exhibits multiple resistant mechanisms; recent studies showed that multidrug resistant (MDR) efflux mechanism is most common. The effects of MDR inhibitors of the RND efflux pumps, Reserpine 25 μg/ml and MC 207, 110 (Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide (PaβN), Sigma) 25 μg/ml, on the MIC of fluoroquinolones for clinical iso...

The adverse drug reactions associated with antimicrobials have become a topic of major importance and concern in the last few years. Antimicrobial toxicity may take many forms, varying from mild, transient phenomena to dramatic, life-threatening events such as seizures or cardiac arrhythmias. We review the toxicity of antimicrobials in general and of the fluoroquinolones in particular and attem...

Introduction Fluoroquinolones have demonstrated comparable efficacy and rates of adverse events as β-lactam and/or macrolide agents in the treatment of community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections. Fluoroquinolones currently marketed are generally considered to have good safety profiles (1–5). However, post-marketing spontaneous adverse event reports have imposed updates in the preca...

The activities of fluoroquinolones and a new macrolide against 30 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were determined in vitro by agar diffusion. In order of relative potencies against M. tuberculosis, temafloxacin (MIC for 90% of isolates [MIC90], 2.3 micrograms/ml) was at least as active as the reference quinolones ofloxacin (MIC90, 2.4 micrograms/ml) and ciprofloxacin (MIC90, 4.3...