Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have reported fluid shear stress-induced increases in endothelial layer hydraulic conductivity (L(p)) that are mediated by an increased production of nitric oxide (NO). Other recent studies have shown that NO induction by shear stress is mediated by the glycocalyx that decorates the surface of endothelial cells. Here we find that a selective depletion of the ...

A thorough study of shear stress within the lattice Boltzmann method is provided. Via standard multiscale Chapman-Enskog expansion we investigate the dependence of the error in shear stress on grid resolution showing that the shear stress obtained by the lattice Boltzmann method is second-order accurate. This convergence, however, is usually spoiled by the boundary conditions. It is also invest...

The current understanding is that the non-Newtonian rheology of active matter suspensions is governed by fluid-mediated hydrodynamic interactions associated with active self-propulsion. Here we discover an additional contribution to the suspension shear stress that predicts both thickening and thinning behavior, even when there is no nematic ordering of the microswimmers with the imposed flow. ...

As the inner lining of the vessel wall, vascular endothelial cells are poised to act as a signal transduction interface between haemodynamic forces and the underlying vascular smooth-muscle cells. Detailed analyses of fluid mechanics in atherosclerosis-susceptible regions of the vasculature reveal a strong correlation between endothelial cell dysfunction and areas of low mean shear stress and o...

Abstract---The steady flow of a second order fluid through constricted tube with slip velocity at wall is modeled and analyzed theoretically. The governing equations are simplified by implying no slip in radial direction. Based on Karman Pohlhausen procedure polynomial solution for axial velocity profile is presented. Expressions for pressure gradient, shear stress, separation and reattachment ...

A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics model, coupled with sludge rheology models to account for the behaviour of mixed liquor and porous media models to represent the resistance of membranes to the fluid field, was developed and used in estimating shear stress in the filtration zone of membrane bioreactors. The influence of a suite of factors on shear stress including aerator positio...

This study tested the hypothesis that controlled flow through microchannels can cause shear-induced intracellular loading of cells with molecules. The overall goal was to design a simple device to expose cells to fluid shear stress and thereby increase plasma membrane permeability. DU145 prostate cancer cells were exposed to fluid shear stress in the presence of fluorescent cell-impermeant mole...

A "two-hit" hypothesis predicts a second somatic hit, in addition to the germline mutation, as a prerequisite to cystogenesis and has been proposed to explain the focal nature for renal cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). It was reported previously that Pkd1(null/null) mouse kidney epithelial cells are unresponsive to flow stimulation. This report shows that ...

the research was conducted in order to determine the bending stress, young’s modulus, shearing stress, and shearing energy of safflower stalk as a function of moisture content and stalk region. the bending forces were measured at different moisture contents and the bending stress and the young’s modulus were calculated from these data. for measuring the shear forces, the stalk specimens were se...

Glucocorticoids are known to induce osteocyte apoptosis, whereas mechanical loading has been shown to sustain osteocyte viability. Here we show that mechanical loading in the form of fluid-flow shear stress blocks dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of osteocyte-like cells (MLO-Y4). Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ), a rapidly induced signaling molecule produced by osteocytes, was shown to be protective...