The pedestrian-level wind environment quality in street canyons formed by high-rise buildings and other low-level buildings could be affected by multiple factors, such as the height and geometry of the surrounding buildings, street width, wind direction, and wind speed. This study conducted wind tunnel experiments to determine the characteristics of the pedestrian-level wind environment in stre...

Suffusion refers to a special form of internal erosion characterized by the selective finest particles soil under action an fluid flow. In this work, microscopic mechanism particle detachment in binary mixtures subjected suffusion different flow directions is analyzed. We use coupled lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and discrete element (DEM) simulate process granular sample anisotropic stress st...

Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) is a valuable tool for depth-resolved flow measurements in tissue. However, DOCT is insensitive to flow in the direction normal to the imaging beam and requires knowledge of the phase of the demodulated signal. We present an alternative method of extracting flow information, using speckle of conventional amplitude optical coherence tomography images. ...

This paper concerns the development and application of a gas-kinetic scheme based on the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) model for the Navier–Stokes equations in the study of hypersonic viscous flow. Firstly, we extend the gas-kinetic Navier–Stokes solver [K. Xu, A gas-kinetic BGK scheme for the Navier–Stokes equations and its connection with artificial dissipation and Godunov method, J. Comput. Ph...

One of the main technique used to recover motion analysis from two images or to register them is variational optical flow, where the pixels of one image are matched to the pixels of the second image by minimizing an energy functional. In the standard formulation of variational optical flow, the estimated motion vector field depends on the reference image and is asymmetric. However, in most appl...

The cotransport of clay colloids and viruses in vertically oriented laboratory columns packed with glass beads was investigated. Bacteriophages MS2 and ΦX174 were used as model viruses, and kaolinite (ΚGa-1b) and montmorillonite (STx-1b) as model clay colloids. A steady flow rate of Q=1.5 mL/min was applied in both vertical up (VU) and vertical down (VD) flow directions. In the presence of KGa-...

Located in the northwestern United States, the Newberry Hotspot Track consists of a sequence of age-progressive silicic volcanic domes and lava flows, showing a monotonic age progression from east to west ending at the Newberry Caldera. While mantle plumes are often called upon to explain hotspot tracks, the Newberry track cannot be the direct product of plate motion over a stationary mantle so...

The average flow speed of alpha particles relative to protons in the solar wind is observed to be of the order of or less than the Alfven speed. This flow, if sufficiently large, can lead to two distinct types of electromagnetic alpha/proton instabilities: magnetosonic and Alfven. Spatially homogeneous two-dimensional hybrid simulations of collisionless plasmas are used to study these growing m...

One of the principal means of understanding upper mantle dynamics involves inferring mantle flow directions from seismic anisotropy under the assumption that the seismic fast direction (olivine a axis) parallels the regional flow direction. We demonstrate that (i) the presence of melt weakens the alignment of a axes and (ii) when melt segregates and forms networks of weak shear zones, strain pa...