BACKGROUND A noninvasive method of visualization of the anterior spinal artery such as ultrasound that can be utilized in emergent or intraoperative settings can reduce the risk of spinal cord ischemia. OBJECTIVE We assessed the feasibility of imaging and characterizing blood flow in the anterior spinal artery using ultrasound with concurrent validation using a cadaveric model. METHODS We d...

the manning roughness coefficient is an important parameter in the design and evaluation of furrow irrigation. despite its importance, estimation of this parameter for surface irrigation is very difficult, particularly in furrow irrigation. in this study, an evalue model was used to estimate the manning roughness coefficient in furrow irrigation. the model was based on volume balance and develo...

local scouring around bridge piers is a natural phenomenon caused by the erosive process of flowing stream on alluvial beds. the 3d flow field around bridge piers interacting with the bed materials increases complexity of local scour process. the local scour depth develops in accelerated flows and if it is not predicted correctly, the bottom level of local scour hole will exceed the original le...

Cosmographic approach, a Taylor expansion of the Hubble function, has been used as model-independent method to investigate evolution universe in presence cosmological data. Apart from possible technical problems like radius convergence, there is an ongoing debates about tensions appear when one investigates some high redshift In this work, we consider two common data sets namely SNIa (Pantheon ...

the ardabil geothermal area is located in the northwest of iran, which hosts several hot springs. it is situated mostly around the sabalan mountain. the sabalan geothermal area is now under investigation for the geothermal electric power generation. it is characterized by its high thermal gradient and high heat flow. in this study, our aim is to determine the fractal parameter and top and botto...

Nitric oxide (NO) was first detected in the exhaled breath more than a decade ago and has since been investigated as a noninvasive means of assessing lung inflammation. Exhaled NO arises from the airway and alveolar compartments, and new analytical methods have been developed to characterize these sources. A simple two-compartment model can adequately represent many of the observed experimental...

general kind of encroachment of river is constructing a bridge on it. purpose of encroachment of river is occupation part of river and flood plain for constructing bridge. often being economical of bridge innovation affirmated that most of encroachment take place to river and flood plain, which this encroachment can be in form of embankment in flood plain of river or into the main bed of river ...

The dynamic adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using a granulated activated carbon and an activated carbon cloth has been studied using fixed bed adsorption column. The breakthrough curves at different hydraulic loading rates (HLR), bed depth and feed concentration (Co) have been examined. The breakthrough time at any given concentration of the effluent decreases with increasing h...

Active triangulation is a well established technique for collecting range points. This work performs a photometric analysis of relative irradiance expected at the camera sensor as a result of intended operating conditions and device parameters including laser power. The limiting effects of eye safety compliance, minimum realizable shutter times and pixel bit depth for linear response cameras ar...

The effects of geometric parameters on the mixing performance of a staggered herringbone mixer (SHM) with patterned grooves are numerically investigated. Combining use of the software package CFD-ACE+ and the Taguchi method provides a powerful and systematic approach for research on microfluidics. An orthogonal array L9(3(4)) is established for parameters introduced by the groove geometry; in t...