Based on last years experience we can say, that problem of flood threat in an area has already exceeded engineer-hydrological, respectively water economy frame. There are clear indicions, which indicate, that this phenomenon needs a complex view. It means particularly knowledge of run-off relations, which are connected with time and spacial wide spread of rainfalls, but also with land cover and...

1. introduction flood is one of natural hazard which ranks the most one just like earthquake and drought according to the report of the natural hazard program of the united nations. besides physical factors, and lack proper management will increase the flood potential. therefore, in order to prevent flood damage it seems to be necessary to provide essential requirements before physical expansio...

Flash flooding often leads to extremely dangerous and sometimes catastrophic conditions 9 in rivers due to characteristics such as: short timescales, the limited opportunity for issuing 10 warnings, and the frequent high average mortality. Many past extreme flood events have been 11 accompanied by flash floods, and they have also been one of the main sources of serious loss of 12 human life amo...