It has been hypothesized that white plumage facilitates flock formation in Ardeidae. We conducted four experiments using decoys to test factors involved in attracting wading birds to a specific pond. The first three experiments tested the effects of plumage colouration, flock size, and species-specific decoys on flock formation. The fourth experiment examined intraspecific differences in flock ...

Poultry are known to harbor antibiotic resistant and pathogenic bacteria, and as such poultry litter and poultry house air can be contaminated with these bacteria. However, the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in biological aerosols and litter is largely not understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of aerosolized bacteria and endotoxin, particularly fecal indic...

Since meat from poultry colonized with Campylobacter spp. is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, human exposure should be reduced by, among other things, prevention of colonization of broiler flocks. To obtain more insight into possible sources of introduction of Campylobacter into broiler flocks, it is essential to estimate the moment that the first bird in a flock is colonized. If the...

INTRODUCTION Food contamination with Listeria monocytogenes is on the increase posing threats to public health with growing trends in food products recalls due to suspected Listeria contamination. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) among 71 randomly selected poultry farms in Oyo State, ...

one of the new technologies in the field of health is wearable biosensor, which provides vital signs monitoring of patients, athletes,premature infants, children, psychiatric patients, people who need long-term care, elderly, and people in impassable regions far from health and medical services. the aim of this study was to explain features and applications of wearable biosensors in medical ser...

The examples in (1) and (2) exemplify what I will call PSEUDOPARTITIVES in Estonian. (1) hargi-täisN1 pitchfork-ful põhkuN2 straw.PAR ‘a/the pitchforkful of straw’ (EKSS, entry for hargitäis) (2) parvN1 flock pääsukesiN2 swallow.PL.PAR ‘a/the flock of swallows’ (Nemvalts, 1996:69) Key aspects of the pseudopartitive construction: • One noun (N1) serves a quantifying or measuring role (broadly sp...

It is known that in PG(3, q), q > 19, a partial flock of a quadratic cone with q − ε planes, can be extended to a unique flock if ε < 14 √ q, and a similar and slightly stronger theorem holds for the case q even. In this paper we prove the analogue of this result for cones with base curve of higher degree.

Swarming is a conspicuous behavioral trait observed in bird flocks, fish shoals, insect swarms, and mammal herds. It is thought to improve collective awareness and offer protection from predators. Many current models involve the hypothesis that information coordinating motion is exchanged among neighbors. We argue that such local interactions alone are insufficient to explain the organization o...