The efficiency of poliovirus elution from fiber glass cartridge filters (K27), epoxy-fiber glass-asbestos filters (M780), and pleated cartridge filters was assessed by using 3% beef extract (pH 9.0) or 0.1 M glycine (pH 11.5). Poliovirus type I, strain LSc, was seeded into 20- to 25-gallon (ca. 75.6- to 95.6-liter) samples of treated sewage effluent and concentrated by using a filter adsorption...

In many industrial fermentation processes, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast should ideally meet two partially conflicting demands. During fermentation, a high suspended yeast count is required to maintain a satisfactory rate of fermentation, while at completion, efficient settling is desired to enhance product clarification and recovery. In most fermentation industries, currently used starter...

• Microalgae harvesting is a major bottleneck to microalgae-based biofuel production. Flocculation the most versatile, energy-efficient and cost-efficient process. Polyacrylamides exhibit high performance at different operation scales. Comprehensive analysis of polyacrylamide-microalgae flocculation was presented. Properties polyacrylamide microalgae culture influence biomass touted as highly p...

A systematic field-theoretical description of critical adsorption on curved objects such as spherical or rodlike colloidal particles immersed in a fluid near criticality is presented. The temperature dependence of the corresponding order parameter profiles and of the excess adsorption are calculated explicitly. Critical adsorption on elongated rods is substantially more pronounced than on spher...

For over 10 years the Ide test has been in use in Nigeria as a simple slide flocculation test for syphilis and yaws in hospitals and clinics, and in the field, where the Kahn and Wassermann tests are impracticable. It was thought desirable that the results obtained by the Ide test should be compared with those obtained by the newly introduced Harris (VDRL) slide flocculation test, and an estima...

So many flocculation tests have been developed during the last few years that the time appears ripe to attempt a critical review of the mechanism and usefulness of some of the more popular procedures. Although many of these tests were developed primarily in relation to liver disease, where they are of proved value, it is generally recognized that they are not all specific in this respect. There...

The experimental evidence and theoretical explanations of stable cluster formation in colloidal suspensions are reviewed. The clusters form in the intermediate range between a stable suspension built up by singlets and the irreversible coagulation or gelation of the suspension. The stable clusters develop as a result of a balance between competing short range attraction and long range repulsion...

The discovery of cardiolipin (Pangborn, 1941a) as the active agent in antigens for sero-reactions for syphilis enabled the production of chemically defined antigens, composed of cardiolipin, purified lecithin (Pangborn, 1941b), and cholesterol. Among the many tube and slide flocculation reactions based on the use of cardiolipin antigens, the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) slide flo...