A Delay (D) flip-flop is an edge triggering device. A high speed, low power consumption, positive edge triggered conventional Delay (D) flip-flop can be designed for increasing the speed of counter in Phase locked loop, using 32nm CMOS technology. The conventional D flip-flop has higher operating frequencies but it features static power dissipation. The designed counter can be used in the divid...

In this paper, a low power single edge triggered D flip-flop is presented by using True Single Phase Clocked technique (TSPC). The proposed design overcomes the problem of race condition at the output caused by clock pulses. This technique uses single phase clock pulse and it has less number of transistors. All the circuits are designed and simulated using Cadence® Virtuoso® Design Environment ...

Intact platelets do not show procoagulant phospholipids on their exterior. These phospholipids are located at the inside leaf of the bilayer membrane. They become available by (a) disrupture of the platelets (mechanical, osmotical etc.), (b) by a mechanism specific for the platelets, that we call the membrane flip-flop. Membrane flip-flop translocates procoagulant phospholipids (mainly phosphat...

The so-called synthesis problem for nets which consists in deciding whether a given automaton is isomorphic to the case graph of a net and then constructing the net has been solved for various type of nets ranging from elementary nets to Petri nets. Though P/T nets admits polynomial time synthesis algorithms, the synthesis problem for elementary nets is known to be NP-complete. Applying the pri...

Cells are complex machines capable of processing information by means of an entangled network of molecular interactions. A crucial component of these decision-making systems is the presence of memory and this is also a specially relevant target of engineered synthetic systems. A classic example of memory devices is a 1-bit memory element known as the flip-flop. Such system can be in principle d...

In order to study the basic physical phenomena underlying complex lipid transbilayer movement in biological membranes, we have measured the transmembrane diffusion of spin-labelled analogues of sphingolipids in phosphatidylcholine (PC) large unilamellar vesicles in the absence or presence of cholesterol, going from a fluid ( liquid disordered) l(d), phase to a more viscous, liquid ordered (l(o)...

We present a biologically-based mathematical model that accounts for several features of the human sleep/wake cycle. These features include the timing of sleep and wakefulness under normal and sleep-deprived conditions, ultradian rhythms, more frequent switching between sleep and wakefulness due to the loss of orexin and the circadian dependence of several sleep measures. The model demonstrates...

Regulatory actions of calmodulin on the contractile apparatus and cytoskeleton of smooth muscle and nonmuscle tissue are mediated by a number of specific calmodulin-binding proteins that bind to F-actin in a flip-flop manner--i.e., they bind to calmodulin or F-actin depending on the presence or absence, respectively, of Ca2+. A survey for such proteins in brain, adrenal gland, and pituitary gla...

Abstract: Power consumption is considered as one of the important challenge in modern VLSI design along with area and speed consideration. Flip flop plays very important role in digital systems. In this paper comparative study of four different flip flops which includes pulse triggered as well as conditional technique flip flop such as IP-DCO, MHLFF, CPSFF, and CPFF topologies in sub threshold ...

We investigated the transbilayer movement or flip-flop of phospholipids in vesicles derived from the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacillus megaterium. Since common assay techniques were found to be inapplicable to the Bacillus system, we exploited and elaborated a newly described method in which fluorescent phospholipids (1-myristoyl-2-C6-NBD phospholipids) are used as tracers to monitor flip-flop. ...