Flagellin's potential as a vaccine adjuvant has been increasingly explored over the last three decades. Monomeric flagellin proteins are the only known agonists of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). This interaction evokes a pro-inflammatory state that impacts upon both innate and adaptive immunity. While pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like flagellin have been used as stand-alone adju...

Flagella are cell surface appendages involved in a number of bacterial behaviors, such as motility, biofilm formation, and chemotaxis. Despite these important functions, flagella can pose a liability to a bacterium when serving as potent immunogens resulting in the stimulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Previous work showing appendage overexpression, referred to as attenuating g...

Depletion of the SlpA protein from the bacterial surface greatly reduced the adhesion of Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287 to the human intestinal cell lines Caco-2 and Intestine 407, the endothelial cell line EA-hy926, and the urinary bladder cell line T24, as well as immobilized fibronectin. For functional analysis of the SlpA surface protein, different regions of the slpA gene were expressed as...

Fundamental aspects of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) biogenesis and the engineering producer strains have been major research foci for many in recent years. The focus this study was OMV production a variety Escherichia coli including wild type (WT) (K12 BW25113), mutants (from Keio collection) proprietary [BL21 BL21 (DE3)] strains. present investigated proteome prospective mechanism that underpi...

BACKGROUND Paratyphoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A is becoming a serious health problem in Asian countries particularly Pakistan, China and India and situation is aggravated by current unavailability of a licensed vaccine. This study was designed to purify the O-specific polysaccharides (OSP) produced by an isolate of Salmonella Paratyphi A from Pakistan and detect a...

When mucoid (alginate-producing) Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRD1 is grown under low oxygen conditions in liquid culture (static), non-mucoid variants appear and eventually predominate. This conversion is not readily observed in aerobic, shaken cultures or static cultures containing the alternative electron acceptor nitrate. In this study, it is shown that the non-mucoid variants that arise under st...