The fluid–structure interaction of a flexible plunging hydrofoil immersed in current is solved numerically to analyze its propulsion enhancement due flexibility at Reynolds number 10000. After validating with available experimental data, the code used assess analytical predictions from linear theory. We consider large stiffness ratios, high thrust by flexibility, and small mass ratios appropria...

Abstract Although UN peace operations began with unarmed observer missions in 1948–1949, the first armed force—the Emergency Force ( UNEF )—was deployed 1956 due to Suez crisis. Scholars and practitioners have since interpreted Secretariat’s 1958 study of that experience, called Summary Study , as a foundational text history peacekeeping because it supposedly codified key principles impartialit...

There are non–vanishing price responses across different stocks in correlated financial markets. We further study this issue by performing different averages, which identify active and passive cross– responses. The two average cross–responses show different characteristic dependences on the time lag. The passive cross–response exhibits a shorter response period with sizeable volatilities, while...

A new approach is presented for determining the rigid regions in proteins and the flexible joints between them. The short-range forces in proteins are modeled as constraints and we use a recently developed formalism from graph theory to analyze flexibility in the bond network. Forces included in the analysis are the covalent bond-stretching and bond-bending forces, salt bridges, and hydrogen bo...

The mastery of two languages provides bilingual speakers with cognitive benefits over monolinguals, particularly on cognitive flexibility and selective attention. However, extant research is limited to comparisons between monolinguals and bilinguals at a single point in time. This study investigated whether growth in bilingual proficiency, as shown by an increased number of translation equivale...