Cocoon formation by cat flea larvae was directly related to the quantity of eggs or yeast consumed. Larvae consuming either 1-3 eggs or 0.25-1.0 mg of yeast developed as naked pupae or formed incomplete cocoons. Third instar cat flea larvae fed upon naked pupae and pupae within partial cocoons, but complete cocoons protected pupae from cannibalism. First and second instars did not attack pupae....

The rat flea is the intermediate host of the parasites of bubonic plague. Fleas are regarded as free parasites as they remain on the host generally during the time they feed. The flea passes through the egg, larval, pupal and adult stages and the whole life cycle covers roughly three weeks. The eggs are deposited in places where the host rests. For egg-laying, the female usually selects dark an...

Abstract Flea infestations of wild rabbits were examined monthly in central Spain a meso-Mediterranean area for 5 yr. A total 1,180 trapped and 7,022 fleas collected from them. Overall, the prevalence was 74.1% with mean flea index 5.95 per rabbit. Four species identified: Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale, 1878) most abundant (accounting 74.3% collected) followed by Xenopsylla cunicularis (Smit, 195...

BACKGROUND Human infestation to ectoparasites such as ticks, lice, cimex, fleas, mites and others agents may result in intensive allergic reaction with symptoms of itching, skin infection and severe irritation. In this case report, we present a case of dermatitis caused by cat flea. CASE PRESENTATION A three-member family referred to dermatology clinic in Babol due to dermal complications. Th...

background : hedgehogs are small, nocturnal mammals which become popular in the world and have important role in transmission of zoonotic agents. thus, the present study aimed to survey ectoparasite infestation from april 2010 to december 2011 in urban and suburban parts of urmia and tabriz cities, northwest of iran. methods : a total number of 84 hedgehogs (40 females and 44 males) were examin...