Humans select relevant locations in a scene by means of stimulus-driven bottom-up and context-dependent top-down mechanisms. These have mainly been investigated by recording eye movements under 2D natural or 3D artificial stimulation conditions. Here we try to close that obvious gap and presented 2D and 3D versions of natural, pink, and white noise images to human subjects. Importantly, ground ...

The perirhinal cortex (PER) is part of both the medial temporal lobe memory system (MTL) and the ventral visual stream (VVS). In the MTL, PER provides input to the hippocampal formation directly and via the entorhinal cortex (EC), whereas in the VVS, PER is considered to be at the top of the visual processing hierarchy of object information. Because of its position in both networks, PER presuma...

We performed a quantitative characterization of binocular disparity-tuning functions in the ventral (object-processing) pathway of the macaque visual cortex. We measured responses of 452 area V4 neurons to stimuli with disparities ranging from -1.0 to +1.0 degrees. Asymmetric Gaussian functions fit the raw data best (median R = 0.90), capturing both the modal components (local peaks in the -1.0...

The precision of objective size judgments, made when target disparity changed at random from trial-to-trial, was compared to the precision of angular size judgments made under the same condition. Subjects judged incremental changes in the vertical distance separating a pair of horizontal lines. For the objective judgments (in cm), the angle subtended by the target separation decreased with incr...

The geometry of binocular projection is analyzed in relation to the primate visual system. An oculomotor parameterization that includes the classical vergence and version angles is defined. It is shown that the epipolar geometry of the system is constrained by binocular coordination of the eyes. A local model of the scene is adopted in which depth is measured relative to a plane containing the ...

Humans typically make use of both eyes during reading, which necessitates precise binocular coordination in order to achieve a unified perceptual representation of written text. A number of studies have explored the magnitude and effects of naturally occurring and induced horizontal fixation disparity during reading and non-reading tasks. However, the literature concerning the processing of dis...

In 1993, I retrospectively reviewed Le Fort III osteotomies performed at Children’s Hospital Oakland. The cases had been performed without distraction and employed internal bone plate fixation. It was disappointing to discover the amount of midface protraction achieved, when measured on lateral cephalograms, was typically 0 to 25% of the magnitude required for reconstruction to facial norms. To...

Background: Sports vision is a specialisation of optometry whose objective to improve and preserve visual function increase sports performance. The main the present study was compare expertise non-athletes skeet shooting athletes. Methods: Participants underwent an optometric assessment in which all those with severe deviations from normal vision, after compensating for abnormalities, were elim...

This study examined the effects of stimulus size and eccentricity on reflex disparity vergence: the small, involuntary corrections of eye alignment which serve to minimize the binocular disparity of fixated targets. Subjects were instructed to fixate steadily on a small, stationary mark superimposed on the center of a dynamic random dot stereogram. The stereogram was binocularly uncorrelated ex...

We develop an architecture for reactive visual analysis of dynamic scenes. We specify a minimal set of system features based upon biological observations. We implement feature on a processing network based around an active stereo vision mechanism. Active rectification and mosaicing allows static stereo algorithms to operate on the active platform. Foveal zero disparity operations permit attende...