We present a novel process to encapsulate indocyanine green (ICG) in liposomal droplets at high concentration for potential applications in image-guided drug delivery. The microencapsulation process follows two consecutive steps of droplet formation by liquid-driven coaxial flow focusing (LDCFF) and solvent removal by oil phase dewetting. These biocompatible lipid vesicles may have important ap...

a total of 781 serum and 827 red cell samples from four populations of iran (kashan, ardestan, asrara and ardabil) were sub-typed by isoelectric focusing for group-specific componet and red cell enzyme phosphoglucomutase, locus one, respectively. heterogeneity test revealed no significant differences among the populations studied regarding both pgm1 and gc systems.

One of the most fascinating topics in biology is to understand the development of highly differentiated cells such as photoreceptors (PRs). This process involves successive steps, starting with the generation of the eye primordium, recruitment and specification of PRs and finally, expression of the proper rhodopsin, the photopigment that initiates the signaling cascade underlying light input ex...

The natural history of the immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is interesting and intriguing because it traces different steps underlying autoimmune diseases. The review points out the main steps that have accompanied the stages of its history and the consequential changes related to its terminology. ITP is an autoimmune disease resulting from platelet antibody-mediated destruction and impaired megak...

AS MILLENNIAL LEARNERS enter the medical field, they note a lag in innovation of medical education curricula, compared with peers in other fields. Whereas physician trainees conduct most of their self-directed learning using online and mobile resources, formalized medical education tends to be in lecture format. Most physician trainees use smartphones to query information and use electronic tab...

Although the U.S. health care system has made remarkable advancements, it is costly and wasteful, and it leaves many people without appropriate care. The challenge for public policy is to enable consumers and taxpayers to obtain good value for their health care dollars. Achieving this objective stands the greatest chance of success if health care markets function well. To make markets work, we ...

In this paper we present our method ValidKI for designing key indicators to monitor the fulfillment of business objectives. A set of key indicators is valid with respect to a business objective if it can be used to measure the degree to which the business or relevant part thereof complies with the business objective. ValidKI consists of three main steps each of which is divided into sub-steps. ...

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate how simple it is to build a homemade low-cost simulator using a simple 5-step scheme. METHODS A scheme explaining how to build an endoscopic surgery simulator in 5 easy steps was presented to 26 surgeons. The simulator required a pair of scissors and easy-to-find materials. Its total cost was less than €35. The participants assessed the simulator usin...

We demonstrate a standalone microfluidic chip that allows us to carry out commonly executed antibiotic susceptibility assays in an array of nanoliter droplets. We eliminated the need for automation in performing an exemplary complicated liquid handling assay on a chip. Operations on droplets are hard-wired into the microfluidic chip. The liquid handling protocol can be executed with a simple an...

This paper presents a general method for identifying student intermediate mental steps from sequences of actions stored by problem solving-based learning environments, in order to provide feedback to teachers on knowledge that statistically seems to be used by a particular student. When many intermediate mental steps are possible, ambiguity is removed using what is already known about the stude...