Development of cancer requires the acquisition of multiple oncogenic mutations and selection of the malignant clone. Cancer evolves within a finite host lifetime and mechanisms of carcinogenesis that accelerate this process may be more likely to contribute to the development of clinical cancers. Mutator mutations are mutations that affect genome stability and accelerate the acquisition of oncog...

Genetic and evolutionary algorithms have been increasingly applied to solve complex, large scale search problems with mixed success. Competent genetic algorithms have been proposed to solve hard problems quickly, reliably and accurately. They have rendered problems that were difficult to solve by the earlier GAs to be solvable, requiring only a subquadratic number of function evaluations. To fa...

Recent experimental and theoretical studies have shown that small asexual populations evolving on complex fitness landscapes may achieve a higher fitness than large ones due to the increased heterogeneity of adaptive trajectories. Here, we introduce a class of haploid three-locus fitness landscapes that allow the investigation of this scenario in a precise and quantitative way. Our main result ...

Background and Objectives: Given the limited number of studies on Ramadan fasting and military performance, we conducted this study to identify the effect of Ramadan fasting on physical fitness performances in army cadets. Methods: Twenty healthy males were randomly selected from a larger sample group. The subjects were divided into fasting (n=10) and non-fasting (n=10) groups. They performed v...

BACKGROUND ACL ruptures in Alpine ski racers are frequently observed. This study analysed the association between physical fitness, race performance and the knee injury history. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the influence of physical fitness and performance on the knee injury outcome. As part of this study an injury data base (covering 2004-2013) was established t...

This paper investigates σ-self-adaptation for real valued evolutionary algorithms on linear fitness functions. We identify the step-size logarithm log σ as a key quantity to understand strategy behavior. Knowing the bias of mutation, recombination, and selection on log σ is sufficient to explain σ-dynamics and strategy behavior in many cases, even from previously reported results on non-linear ...

A widespread claim in evolutionary theory is that every group selection model can be recast in terms of inclusive fitness. Although there are interesting classes of group selection models for which this is possible, we show that it is not true in general. With a simple set of group selection models, we show two distinct limitations that prevent recasting in terms of inclusive fitness. The first...

There are two important issues in the Genetic Algorithm searching and optimization process: population diversity and selective pressure. These two issues are strongly related and have direct impact on the search efficiency. Two factors that directly influence these issues are often ignored: overlapping populations and fitness scaling. In this paper we address the use of overlapping populations ...

Two efficient clustering-based genetic algorithms are developed for the optimisation of reaction rate parameters in chemical kinetic modelling. The genetic algorithms employed are used to determine new reaction rate coefficients for the combustion of four different fuel/air mixtures in a perfectly stirred reactor (PSR). The incorporation of clustering into the genetic algorithm allows for a con...

background: the people residing in coastal areas of visakhapatnam are mostly engaged in fishery, which is always been a physically demanding job, and numerous factors have direct or indirect impact on the health of fishermen; but, the data about their physical fitness or health status is quite scanty. thus, the present study was conducted to assess their cardiorespiratory fitness pattern, as we...