نتایج جستجو برای: fine particulate matter pm 25
تعداد نتایج: 702105 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Several studies have shown the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and adverse health effects and climate change, thus highlighting the need to limit the anthropogenic sources of PM. PM Exposure is commonly monitored as mass concentration of PM10 (particle aerodynamic diameter < 10μm) or PM2.5 (particle aerodynamic diameter < 2.5μm), although increasing toxicity with decreasing ...
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to determine the following: 1) the exposure levels of municipal household waste (MHW) workers to diesel particulate matter (DPM) using elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), black carbon (BC), and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) as indicators; 2) the correlations among the indicators; 3) the optimal indicator for DPM; and 4) fac...
3. Applicable Pollutants: Submicron Particulate Matter (PM) greater than or equal to 0.3 micrometer (μm) in aerodynamic diameter, and PM greater than or equal to 0.12 μm in aerodynamic diameter that is chemically, biologically, or radioactively toxic; hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that are in particulate form, such as most metals (mercury is the notable exception, as a significant portion of ...
BACKGROUND The mechanisms for the relationship between particulate pollution and cardiac disease are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We examined the effects and time course of exposure to fine particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)) on ventricular repolarization of 106 nonsmoking adults who were living in communities in central Pennsylvania. METHODS The 24-hr ...
RATIONALE Ambient particulate matter has been associated with systemic inflammation indicated by blood markers such as fibrinogen, implicated in promoting atherothrombosis. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the fibrinogen genes modified the relationship between ambient particles and plasma fibrinogen. METHODS In 854 myocardial infarction s...
Submicron-sized airborne particulate matter (PM) is not collected well on regular quartz or glass fiber filter papers. We used a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) to fractionate PM into 6 size fractions and deposit it on specially designed high-purity thin aluminum disks. The MOUDI separated PM into fractions 56–100, 100–180, 180–320, 320–560, 560–1000, and 1000–1800 nm. Since the ...
Both long-term and short-term exposure (one to two hours) to particulate matter are associated with morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases. The underlying mechanisms leading to cardiovascular events are unclear, however, changes to blood coagulability upon exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM, the smallest of which can enter the circulation) is a plausible mechanism...
BACKGROUND Numerous studies show associations between fine particulate air pollutants [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM₁₀)] and mortality in adults. OBJECTIVES We investigated short-term effects of elevated PM₁₀ levels on infant mortality in Flanders, Belgium, and studied whether the European Union (EU) limit value protects infants from the air pollution trigger. ...
The purpose of this study was to estimate exposure of pregnant women in Poland to fine particulate matter [less than or equal to 2.5 microm in diameter (PM 2.5)] and to assess its effect on the birth outcomes. The cohort consisted of 362 pregnant women who gave birth between 34 and 43 weeks of gestation. The enrollment included only nonsmoking women with singleton pregnancies, 18-35 years of ag...
OBJECTIVE To verify whether Warthin-Starry (WS) silver method could detect the air particulate matter (PM)/dust particles (Ps) located within the macrophages in situ. METHODS There were 26 autopsy cases that resulted from cerebral hemorrhage (group A), silicosis (group B), and fetal death during pregnancy (group C). Samples were collected separately and serial sections were prepared from the ...
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