This paper introduces a few solutions linked to the optimization of financing projects, as well as a few evaluation criteria of optimum financing with random costs and benefits.

We examine investment behavior when firms face costs in the access to external funds. We find that despite the existence of liquidity constraints, standard investment regressions predict that cash flow is an important determinant of investment only if one ignores q. Conversely, we also obtain significant cash flow effects even in the absence of financial frictions. These findings provide suppor...

Despite optimism about the end of AIDS, the HIV response requires sustained financing into the future. Given flat-lining international aid, countries' willingness and ability to shoulder this responsibility will be central to access to HIV care. This paper examines the potential to expand public HIV financing, and the extent to which governments have been utilising these options. We develop and...

In this paper we investigate the interplay between operational and financial decisions within the context of a two-echelon supply chain. A retailer purchases a single product from a supplier and afterwards sells it in the retail market to a random demand. The retailer, however, is budgetconstrained and is therefore limited in the number of units that he may purchase from the supplier. We study ...

BACKGROUND This study examines health-related "hardship financing" in order to get better insights on how poor households finance their out-of-pocket healthcare costs. We define hardship financing as having to borrow money with interest or to sell assets to pay out-of-pocket healthcare costs. METHODS Using survey data of 5,383 low-income households in Orissa, one of the poorest states of Indi...

background and purpose: to determine an appropriate financial model for the health system of iran, several studies have been conducted. but it seems that these studies were not comprehensive and further investigation is required. so to design a valid and enforceable mechanism, the study of policy interventions will be considered through consensus of all stakeholders. this investigation was done...

Smalland medium size enterprises are well known for being the backbone of the economy. They are the key factors of the economic growth as well as for innovating and developing products and services. Financial obstacles often occur for Swedish SMEs when they are searching for ways of financing the business. The lack of necessary financing to help SMEs’ businesses grow has been brought up in many...

This paper aims to explore the causes of financing difficulties of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises and give out corresponding solutions for handling the problem. Through building up the theoretical analytical framework of SMEs’ financing difficulties, and discussing the development of Chinese real economy in recent years and the characteristics of SMEs in China, this paper will analy...