This paper provides a self-contained overview of the present problems of state finances in India. It begins with an overview of historical evolution and current institutional structures, including economic, political, administrative and fiscal aspects of India’s federal system. The paper then reviews the current situation of India’s state government finances, going on to consider various develo...

Current methods used for stochastic projection of the finances of the combined Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance (OASDI) trust fund are described and found to have problems. Structural time series models and alternative Monte Carlo procedures are identified as new methods that may be able to solve these problems. The new methods are implemented using the productivity grow...

Using stochastic forecasting techniques, this paper assesses the consequences for public finances of changes in age and household structures in Denmark over the period 2008–2037. Focusing on components of welfare provisions and tax payments with noticeable differences across age and household status, we show that, based on a point forecast, the fiscal impact of changes in household structures a...

OBJECTIVES While basic activities of daily living hierarchically decline in dementia, little is known about the decline of individual instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). The objective of this study was to assess initiative and performance deficits in IADLs in dementia. METHODS A total of 581 carers completed the revised Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in De...

Household businesses and small enterprises are a staple of villages in Thailand. In the late 1990s, Robert Townsend, an economic theorist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ventured into Thai villages to document household finances and sketch the ties linking family and village finances to regional and national economies. For the most part, economists had not delved into how these bu...

1 Introduction The twofold demographic challenge – increasing life expectancy and low fertility rates – has put most pension systems under budgetary pressure. Over the last decade this has led to massive requests for reforms throughout Europe. In Austria the sequence of legal changes has been particularly rapid with – overall substantial – pension reforms in 2000, 2003 and 2004. At the same tim...

Demographic change can have profound effects on a country’s economy and public finances. These effects generally manifest themselves over multi-decade periods, but the deterioration in many countries’ public finances and concerns about their underlying growth potential have recently brought demographic issues to the fore. Against this background, this article reviews the medium-term demographic...

With the help of the available literature, the paper attempts to assess critically the main problems of municipal finances in India and to bring out the challenges that the municipalities face with respect to revenue generation and expenditure management. The main findings suggest that the urban local bodies in India are confronted with lack of proper decentralization of functions and finances,...