It was pointed out by us (Chowhan, 1941) that epileptic attacks and mental disturbances in man may be due to imbalance of mineral constituents of blood leading to disturbances in the water balance of the body. The knowledge that the mineral contents of sea water are more or less similar to that of body juices lead to the consideration that injections of sea water would be beneficial in the trea...

Caspian Sea is the largest land locked water body in the world and has been characterized by significant relative sea-level changes since the Pliocene. The sea-level oscillations have strongly impacted the coastal areas depending on geomorphological setting. This study aims to investigate the impacts of sea level oscillations on low-lying coasts of the southeastern flank of the Caspian Sea...

the interaction between sea and atmosphere has profound effects on the regions climate. meanwhile, the sea surface temperature is considered as one of the most effective components of water bodies, and the controller of many atmospheric behaviors. because of the importance of sea surface temperatures effects on atmospheric elements and also given the role of global warming on land and sea surfa...

In this paper, we present a novel Kalman filter approach to combine a hydrodynamic model-derived lowest astronomical tide (LAT) surface with tide gauge record-derived LAT values. In the approach, tidal water levels are assimilated into the model. As such, the combination is guided by the model physics. When validating the obtained “Kalman-filtered LAT realization” at all tide gauges, we obtaine...

In this paper, we present a novel Kalman filter approach to combine a hydrodynamic model-derived lowest astronomical tide (LAT) surface with tide gauge record-derived LAT values. In the approach, tidal water levels are assimilated into the model. As such, the combination is guided by the model physics. When validating the obtained “Kalman-filtered LAT realization” at all tide gauges, we obtaine...

caspian sea is the largest enclosed body of water on the earth. since the collapse of soviet union in 1991 and discovering large oil and gas fields, some issues such as political, economic and environmental events, made the caspian sea important. the ecology of the sea are being endangered due to several issues such as petroleum extraction, river and sea pollutions, water level rise, biological...

treated sea water is the most significant source of water and surfactant floods. the various chemicals employed in treatment plants should be compatible with surfactant systems. based on surface tension experiments, the activity of these chemicals is examined over a wide range of concentrations in different solutions, including distillated water, sea water by using three types of surfactant mix...

this study is an attempt to develop an integrated methodology to predict the impact of the caspian sea on flooding using geographic information systems (gis) and hydrodynamic modeling. a rise in the sea level might lead to major flooding events, and have a severe impact on the spatial development of cities and regions. the feasibility of simulating a flood event along a drain channel is evaluat...

Despite the importance of the optical properties such as the downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient for characterizing the upper water column, until recently no in situ optical measurements were published for the Red Sea. Kirby et al. used observations from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of the diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd(490)) i...