abstract: mineral scaling in oil and gas production equipment is one of the most important problem that occurs while water injection and it has been recognized to be a major operational problem. the incompatibility between injected and formation waters may result in inorganic scale precipitation in the equipment and reservoir and then reduction of oil production rate and water injection rate. ...

today the image of a permanent skeletal space of cities affected by some forces or mechanisms is put in time with social-economic development and while imposes a new face and perspective to physical anatomy of cities, and prepares field to changes in content and social- economic structures of cities too. simultaneously with quitting villages in order to settle in cities by villagers, the phen...

the speech act of disagreement has been one of the speech acts that has received the least attention in the field of pragmatics. this study investigates the ways power relations, social distance, formality of the context, gender, and language proficiency (for efl learners) influence disagreement and politeness strategies. the participants of the study were 200 male and female native persian s...

vocabulary as a major component of language learning has been the object of numerous studies each of which has its own contribution to the field. finding the best way of learning the words deeply and extensively is the common objective of most of those studies. however, one effective way for achieving this goal is somehow neglected in the field. using a variety of activities such as games can r...

فشار روانی پس از سانحه (ptsd) یکی از شدیدترین انواع اختلالات اضطرابی است که در پی مواجهه با سوانح شدید بروز می کند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات تزریق ملاتونین در دو بازه ی زمانی 6 و 11 روزه بر پاسخ-های رفتاری موش صحرایی مدل ptsd بود. بمنظور القاء ptsd از مدل حیوانی تلفیقی شوک و تک استرس طولانی مدت (s&sps) استفاده شد. حیوانات به مدت 5 روز، روزانه یک شوک الکتریکیma 1 دریافت کرده و در روز ششم با...

abstract following innovations in the field of elt, a new topic which has recently attracted a lot of attention is metaphor analysis. although this area of research is still in its infancy in elt, it seems that the idea can shed more light on the puzzle of english language learning and teaching. therefore, the major aim of this study is to analyze language learning and teaching in formal a...