By properly considering the propagation dynamics of dipole field, we obtain full magnetic dipolar interaction between two quantum dipoles for general situations. With help Maxwell equation and corresponding Green function, this result applies boundary conditions, naturally unifies all terms permanent dipoles, resonant or non-resonant transition even counter-rotating altogether. In particular, s...

background: estimating dosimetric parameters for small fields under non-reference conditions leads to significant errors if done based on conventional protocols used for large fields in reference conditions. hence, further correction factors have been introduced to take into account the influence of spectral quality changes when various detectors are used in non-reference conditions at differen...

seed rot caused by pythium ultimum is an important disease of safflower in iran and other countries. therefore, finding the genetic sources of resistance and releasing of resistant cultivar is considered as important objective by safflower breeders. this disease will spread when air humidity and the moisture in the soil are sufficiently prepared and this situation occurs exactly in the time of ...

Using QM-Sutton-Chen many-body potential, we have studied the 1/2a〈1 1 0〉 screw dislocation in nickel (Ni) via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We have studied core energy and structure using a quadrupolar dislocation system with 3D periodic boundary conditions. The relaxed structures show dissociation into two partials on {1 1 1} planes. The equilibrium separation distance between the two ...