as a test case to examine the roles of phonology and morphology in the spelling process. We introduced university students to novel meanings of spoken forms, for example, presenting /fid/ as a rare word 10 for a type of furniture. We asked whether participants avoided spelling the new word as ‹feed›, instead using alternatives such as ‹fead›. Although participants produced some alternative spel...

The determination of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals is one of the most important gas chromatography (GC) applications in quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) in the pharmaceutical industry. Sample introduction is normally done using static headspace (SHS). In routine QC, GC with flame ionization detection (FID) is preferred, while mass spectrometry (MS) can be used for screening and ...

In this study, two methods are developed for the extraction of 1,4-dioxane (dioxane) from water using 80-microm carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane solid-phase microextraction fibers followed by either gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection (FID) or GC-mass spectrometry (MS). With GC-FID, the lower limit of detection (LOD) for 1,4-dioxane is 2.5 microg/L (ppb) with a linear range of 5 to ...

We introduce a new in-situ instrument, Thermal desorption Aerosol GC/MS-FID (TAG), capable of hourly measurements of speciated organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols. Aerosol samples are collected into a thermal desorption cell by means of humidification and inertial impaction. The sample is thermally desorbed and transferred with helium carrier gas into a gas chromatography (GC) column, wit...

A GC/FID methodology for determination of twenty-one free amino acids in quince fruit (pulp and peel) and jam is described. The sample preparation was simple, involving a SCX Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) purification step and a fast derivatization with ethyl chloroformate for gas chromatographic analysis. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a CP-Sil 19 CB wcot fused-silica capilla...

Introduction. Only recently, an analytic solution for partial spoiling of the steady state of gradient echo sequences (pSSFP) was presented [1]. Radiofrequency phase cycling (RF spoiling) refers to a linear increment in the differential RF phase of consecutive excitation pulses φk − φk−1 = kφ, characterized by the phase shift increment φ. The steady state depends sensitively on φ, yielding SSFP...

Introduction. Non-balanced steady-state free precession sequences (SSFP-FID and SSFP-echo) are gradient-spoiled pulse sequences that provide high signal even in presence of long T1 values, because the transverse magnetization is not completely incoherent by means of radiofrequency spoiling. Contrary to balanced SSFP sequences they do not suffer from off-resonance banding artifacts, making them ...

Trophy hunting has severe consequences on wild animals’ behaviors, which in return implications for affecting wildlife populations. The Selous Game Reserve is a protected area Tanzania that been subjected to commercial trophy decades, and information about the effects of welfare still scarce. Flight Initiating Distance (FID) can be good measure evaluate animals level risk perception towards ant...

Background: Urinary organic acids are water-soluble intermediates and end products of the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and a number of other metabolic processes. In the hereditary diseases known as organic acidurias, an enzyme or co-factor defect in a metabolic pathway leads to the accumulation and increased excretion of one or more of these acidic metabolites. Gas chromato...