A rapid means of assessing reproductive status in rodents is useful not only in the study of reproductive dysfunction but is also required for the production of new mouse models of disease and investigations into the hormonal regulation of tissue degeneration (or regeneration) following pathological challenge. The murine reproductive (or estrous) cycle is divided into 4 stages: proestrus, estru...

Infertility is a common condition caused by the female factor, male or both. problems can have significant impact on married couples who experience them. In addition to causing medical problems, infertility also cause economic and psychological problems. Couples will undergo long process of evaluation treatment, where this be both physical for infertile couple. The aim article presenting litera...

Background: Female sexual dysfunction(FSD) is defined as sexual desire disorders,sexual Arousal disorders,orgasmic disorders and sexual pain disorders that result from anatomical,physiological ,medical and psychological multiple factors and cause personal severe discomfortibility and affect quality of life and relationship between individuals. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence ...

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic compounds present in the environment which can interfere with hormone synthesis and normal physiological functions of male and female reproductive organs. Most EDCs tend to bind to steroid hormone receptors including the oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR). As EDCs disrupt the actions of en...

It frequently has been postulated that intersexual coevolution between the male ejaculate and the female reproductive tract is a driving force in the rapid evolution of reproductive proteins. The dearth of research on female tracts, however, presents a major obstacle to empirical tests of this hypothesis. Here, we employ a comparative EST approach to identify 241 candidate female reproductive p...