Conditioned fear plays a key role in anxiety disorders as well as depression and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Understanding how neuromodulators drive the associated learning and memory processes, including memory consolidation, retrieval/expression, and extinction (recall), is essential in the understanding of (individual differences in vulnerability to) these disorders and their treatmen...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to provide insight on dental fear amongst schoolchildren and evaluate the association between caries experience and fear of dental procedures. METHODS A sample size of 250 students (both sexes) of ages 10-14 years were enrolled in the study. Before dental examination, each participant was informed about the study and given the Children's Fear Survey Schedu...

This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-esteem and fear of missing out (FoMO) life satisfaction in adolescents. research used a quantitative approach with survey methods. The number subjects as many 384 youth an age range 12-23 years Surabaya, selected by purposive sampling technique. three scales, namely scale consisting 12 items, having 14 items 15 items. results showed th...

The 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 (5-HT3) receptor is the only ligand-gated ion channel in the 5-HT receptor subfamilies. Although it is known that the 5-HT3 receptor is expressed in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex, it is not well studied whether it has roles in fear memory processes. We performed behavioral analyses of 5HT3A receptor knockout mice in fear conditioning tests and fo...

Background & Aims: The quality of interaction between mother and infant has an important role in the formation of infant's personality, social and cognitive functions, temperament and mental health in future. The quality of this reaction is not predictable and can be improved along the time. Thus, Knowing effective variables in this area can be very beneficial in its improvement. Method: In the...

background: fear of falling is common amongst older adults, especially those who live in nursing homes. this study aimed to determinate factors associated with fear of falling and functional independence in older adults living in nursing homes. methods: this was a cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling method to enroll 200 older adults living in nursing homes from 25 senior centers ...

Theories of specific phobias consider classical conditioning as a central mechanism in the pathogenesis and maintenance of the disorder. Although the neuronal network underlying human fear conditioning is understood in considerable detail, no study to date has examined the neuronal correlates of fear conditioning directly in patients with specific phobias. Using functional magnet resonance imag...

OBJECTIVE This paper concerned the perceived suffering/side effects caused by various well-known treatments for personal problems. It looked at whether people understood whether potentially painful treatments that confront negative aversive affect were effective or not. METHOD In total, 106 participants completed a long questionnaire assessing the 'psychological pain' ratings of 30 psychother...