During the last decade, satellite observations have allowed significant advances in quantifying precipitation, especially with the contribution of the TRMM mission. Observations at different wavelengths (visible, infrared, and microwaves), in both active and passivemicrowavemodes, are analyzed, and eventually coupled to produce records of precipitation estimates over the globe, with up to hourl...

Fear in the human brain Garfinkel & Critchley 2 1.0 Abstract Fear anticipates a challenge to one's wellbeing and is a reaction to the risk of harm. The expression of fear in the individual is a constellation of physiological, behavioral, cognitive and experiential responses. Fear indicates risk, and will guide adaptive behavior, yet fear is also fundamental to the symptomatology of most psychia...

Valerie Maupin’s best friend had a loved one who needed a kidney. In an act of extraordinary altruism, Maupin offered one of hers, but she was not a match. Then she wondered: If I’m willing to do this for someone I know, why not for someone else whose need is just as great? With that thought, Maupin, a 24-yold nursing student and hair stylist living in San Diego, decided to do something even mo...

By linking ecological theory with freely-available Google Earth satellite imagery, landscape-scale footprints of behavioural interactions between predators and prey can be observed remotely. A Google Earth image survey of the lagoon habitat at Heron Island within Australia's Great Barrier Reef revealed distinct halo patterns within algal beds surrounding patch reefs. Ground truth surveys confir...

population is deep seated and dates back at least as far as the start of the nuclear arms race. It was even present shortly after the discovery of Roentgen’s mysterious X-rays (1). In medicine, the goal is to use radiation wisely and in limited quantities while not permitting unwarranted fear to compromise medical need. The benefits of any study must appropriately exceed the risks and applicati...

ba ck g r oun d  & aim: childbirth related fear (crf) causes pregnant women  to select cesarean section (cs) without a medical reason. the purpose of this study was to determine reasons for delivery related fear and associated factors in pregnant women. methods & materials: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 pregnant wom- en who were in the last trimester. participants we...

background: ionizing radiation induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ros), which play an important causative role in cell death. wholebody exposure of mice to gamma radiation leads to diminution of tissue antioxidant defense systems increases the peroxidative damage to membrane lipids and damages the haematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. tempol (tpl), a cell membranepermeabl...

Clinical radiation therapy for the treatment of CNS cancers leads to unintended and debilitating impairments in cognition. Radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is long lasting; however, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are still not well established. Since ionizing radiation causes microglial and astroglial activation, we hypothesized that maladaptive changes in astrocyte fun...