Six hens pecked a key (Experiment 1) or pushed a door (Experiment 2) to obtain food reinforcement. In both experiments and as an analogue of price changes, the response requirements were varied in two ways: by increasing the number of responses required and by increasing the required force of each response. The two price manipulations (response number and response force) had different effects o...

The technique of the processor farm has become very widely used for paral lelising applications often being mentioned without reference to any source The goal of this work has been to put together a complete and rigorous un derstanding of what the technique can be used for and what is needed in order to arrive at an e ciently farmed application This paper consists of these two parts We have sho...

The division of proceeds is a concept which has been used since 1936 to distribute the sugar industry's earnings between the equal partners in the industry the.milling and growing sections. The formula has been revised over the years to accommodate changes in the structure of the industry. The last major revision the introduction ofthe 'two pools' system was implemented in the 1985/86 season. T...

The US dairy industry is shaped by a patchwork of regulations accumulated over a long history of intervention to achieve various, sometimes conflicting, policy goals. Price supports have long been a central feature of dairy markets, but were largely withdrawn beginning in 1988. Since that time, there has been a dramatic increase in the variability of farm milk and milk product prices. The origi...

Climate change mitigation will require extensive decarbonization of the electricity sector. This thesis addresses both large-scale wind integration (Papers 1–3) and development of new energy technologies (Paper 4) in service of this goal. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) could be paired with a wind farm to provide firm, dispatchable baseload power, or serve as a peaking plant and capture up...

The major components of federal dairy policy — the price support program, federal milk marketing orders, and import quotas — have been in place for more than 50 years. These programs have tried to address the market effects which result from a commodity that is highly perishable; bulky (expensive to transport long distances); produced 365 days a year with a limited ability to alter short-run pr...

This simulation study investigated the farm-level economic benefits of a genetic improvement scheme using artificial insemination (AI) with fresh ram semen in dairy sheep of the Chios breed in Greece. Data were collected from 67 farms associated with the Chios Sheep Breeders' Cooperative 'Macedonia', describing the percentage of ewes that would be artificially inseminated in the flock, pregnanc...

Japan's rice sector is supported by high prices paid by consumers that allow many farm households to maintain small rice farms. Japan's government controls trade within a tariff-rate quota and imposes a prohibitively high tariff on imports outside the quota. Within Japan, diversion programs pay farmers to substitute other crops for rice since, without government-mandated diversion, supply would...

This paper presents a linear programming model designed to evaluate the impact of changes in milk to milk-quotaleasing price ratios, nitrogen fertiliser and concentrate prices on the pro®tability of a technically ecient UK dairy farm. The model incorporates energy and protein requirements of cows of di€erent yield levels and allows substitution between forage and concentrate feeds. The results...

Offshore wind farm (WF) projects have been promoted by support schemes as part of the expansion of renewable energy resources in Korea. This paper examines in detail how the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), which was adopted post the Feed-in-Tariff scheme in 2012, has had a profound impact on the economic benefits of offshore WFs in Korea. A framework for analyzing the economic viability of ...