Given the two sentences “this fake cat has a fluffy tail” and “this tabby cat has a fluffy tail”, only the second allows one to conclude that “there exists a cat that has a fluffy tail”. As is obvious to a native English speaker, the adjective (A) “fake” somehow modifies the noun (N) “cat” such that we conclude that it no longer belongs to the set of N (cats) by virtue of being A (fake). Lingui...

Beginning about three years ago, the world of academic publishing has become infected by fake impact factors and misleading metrics that are launched by bogus companies. The misleading metrics and fake impact factors have damaged the prestige and reliability of scientific research and scholarly journals. This article presents the in-depth story of some of the main bogus impact factors, how they...

Hands-on laboratory exercises are a very important component of computer security and information assurance education. This paper reports the laboratory exercises we designed to demonstrate two ways of conducting phishing attack: 1) Embedding a hyperlink in a fake email which redirects the victim to a fake website; 2) Using ARP cache poisoning to redirect web access to a fake website. The two w...

How does the brain control its sensory plasticity using performance feedback? We examined this question using various types of fake feedback in perceptual learning paradigm. We demonstrated that fake feedback indicating a larger performance improvement facilitated learning compared with genuine feedback. Variance of the fake feedback modulated learning as well, suggesting that feedback uncertai...

The fast growth of technology in online communication and social media platforms alleviated numerous difficulties during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, it was utilized to propagate falsehoods misleading information about disease vaccination. In this study, we investigate ability deep neural networks, namely, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bi-directional LSTM, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)...

Consumer reviews are now part of everyday decision-making. Yet, the credibility of these reviews is fundamentally undermined when businesses commit review fraud, creating fake reviews for themselves or their competitors. We investigate the economic incentives to commit review fraud on the popular review platform Yelp, using two complementary approaches and datasets. We begin by analyzing restau...

1.1. A fake projective plane is a smooth compact complex surface which is not the complex projective plane but has the same Betti numbers as the complex projective plane. Such a surface is known to be projective algebraic and it is the quotient of the (open) unit ball B in C (B is the symmetric space of PU(2, 1)) by a torsion-free cocompact discrete subgroup of PU(2, 1) whose Euler-Poincaré cha...

There has been a tremendous rise in the growth of online social networks all over the world in recent years. This has facilitated users to generate a large amount of real-time content at an incessant rate, all competing with each other to attract enough attention and become trends. While Western online social networks such as Twitter have been well studied, characteristics of the popular Chines...