To the thinking soul images serve as if they were contents of perception (…) That's why the soul never thinks without an image. As sight is the most highly developed sense, the name phantasia (imagination) has been formed from phaos (light) because it is not possible to see without light. The words or the language, as they are written or spoken, do not seem to play any role in my mechanism of t...

BACKGROUND Over multiple years, the didactic concept of "peer-assisted learning" (PAL) has proved to be valuable for medical education. Particularly in the field of the nowadays widely established Skills-Labs, the assignment of student tutors is both popular and effective. The aim of the underlying study is to assess the current status of PAL programs within German medical faculties' Skills-Lab...

the problem of mental causation was one of the most important problems in philosophy of mind at least from the time of descartes. since cartesian philosophers found the causal interaction of the soul and the body problematic, they explained away the direct relation between the soul and the body in different ways. however, the problem was not resolved in contemporary philosophy of mind when the ...

The article presents a contemporary understanding of the human soul according to Czesław Stanisław Bartnik (1929–2020), founder universalistic personalism. term “soul” has been understood in many different ways throughout history thought, hence it still raises confusion today. It is sometimes dismissed as too “religious” and replaced by word “ego” or “person.” seems that successful attempt link...

Objective: After adoption of the National Competency-based Learning Objectives Catalogue in Medicine [Nationaler Kompetenzbasierter Lernzielkatalog Medizin, NKLM], the German medical faculties are asked to test the learning obejctives recorded in it and evaluate them critically. The faculties require curricular transparency for competence-oriented transition of present curricula, which is best ...

Let V be an open manifold with complete nonnegatively curved metric such that the normal sphere bundle to a soul has no section. We prove that the souls of nearby nonnegatively curved metrics on V are smoothly close. Combining this result with some topological properties of pseudoisotopies we show that for many V the space of complete nonnegatively curved metrics has infinite higher homotopy gr...

For the most part, public finance theory follows economic theory in taking individual preferences as given. The resulting analytical agenda revolves around the ability of different fiscal institutions to reflect and aggregate those preferences into collective outcomes. This paper explores to what extent fiscal institutions can influence and shape what are commonly referred to as preferences. St...