We examined the chemical composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from two natural microbial pellicle biofilms growing on acid mine drainage (AMD) solutions. The EPS obtained from a mid-developmental-stage biofilm (DS1) and a mature biofilm (DS2) were qualitatively and quantitatively compared. More than twice as much EPS was derived from DS2 as from DS1 (approximately 3...

This paper aims to broaden a better understanding of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and its impact on fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR). Some fundamental knowledge about EPS and MBR fouling was covered in this paper in several aspects including definition of EPS, evaluation of EPS, influencing factors on EPS production and responsibility of EPS on MBR fouling mechanisms.

There are at least two problems in estimating the volume of a body fluid compartment. First, a substance must be found which is distributed in the volume to be measured, and second, a method must be made available which will measure the distribution of the substance. In the literature, substance and method are rarely, if ever, separated. Kruhoffer (1), for example, states that an ideal indicato...

The mechanical properties of Rhodococcus RC291 were measured using force spectroscopy equipped with a bacterial cell probe. Rhodococcal cells in the late growth stage of development were found to have greater adhesion to a silicon oxide surface than those in the early growth stage. This is because there are more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that contain nonspecific binding sites ava...

Modern approaches for bioremediation of radionuclide contaminated environments are based on the ability of microorganisms to effectively catalyze changes in the oxidation states of metals that in turn influence their solubility. Although microbial metal reduction has been identified as an effective means for immobilizing highly-soluble uranium(VI) complexes in situ, the biomolecular mechanisms ...

There are at least two problems in estimating the volume of a body fluid compartment. First, a substance must be found which is distributed in the volume to be measured, and second, a method must be made available which will measure the distribution of the substance. In the literature, substance and method are rarely, if ever, separated. Kruhoffer (1), for example, states that an ideal indicato...

Myofibrils are functional contractile elements in skeleton and cardiac muscle cells of vertebrates and in skeleton muscle cells of invertebrates. ach myofibril consists of parallel filaments, allowing maximal contraction performance. When these muscle cells are cultured in vitro, this parallel rrangement is often disrupted due to cell remodeling. The contractile performance of the muscle cells ...

Polymeric biomaterials are widely used in a wide range of biomedical applications due to their unique properties, such as biocompatibility, multi-tunability and easy fabrication. Specifically, polymeric hydrogel materials are extensively utilized as therapeutic implants and therapeutic vehicles for tissue regeneration and drug delivery systems. Recently, hydrogels have been developed as artific...

The influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on bacterial cell adhesion onto solid surfaces was investigated using 27 heterotrophic bacterial strains isolated from a wastewater treatment reactor. Cell adhesion onto glass beads was carried out by the packed-bed method and the results were discussed in terms of the amount of each EPS component produced and cell surface characteristic...

scaffold design has pivotal role in tissue engineering. in the present study, we modified the surface of electrospun poly(caprolactone) (pcl) nanofibers to improve their compatibility with living medium and to show the potential application of pcl nanofibers as a artificial extracellular matrix using in tissue-engineering. pcl nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning method. to graft gelat...