Our study of risk factors for T. gondii infection was a case-control design to evaluate recent infection, not a cross-sectional study of T. gondii infection prevalence in a population. In our study, case-patients with recent infection were similar in age to T. gondii–negative control-patients, although among women the mean age of case-patients (33 years) differed slightly from that of control-p...

Since 1980, the prescription of new semi-synthetic molecules of third generation cephalosporins changed the course of modern medicine. However, the acquired resistance against these antibiotics was rapidly developed with the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) (TEM and SHV types) disseminated mainly by nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae clones. Since around 2000, we are facing a w...

Enterobacterial strains producing clavulanic-acid-inhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are increasingly reported worldwide. Conventional detection of ESBL production remains time-consuming (24 to 48 h). Therefore, the ESBL NDP (Nordmann/Dortet/Poirel) test was developed for a rapid identification of ESBLs in Enterobacteriaceae. This biochemical test was based on the in vitro detecti...

We show high rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage among the staff and children at an orphanage in Bamako, Mali. Enterobacteriaceae colonized in 100% and 63%, respectively, of the 38 children and 30 adults studied. Use of antimicrobial drugs appeared excessive and inappropriate; decontamination and hygiene protocols were also questioned.

Extended – Spectrum Βeta-Lactamase producing strains among clinical isolates has been steadily increasing over the past years. Microorganisms responsible for UTIs such as Escherichia coli and klebsiella 5pp have the ability to produce ESBLs in large quantities. All the strains of klebsiella species in this study were collected from routine clinical samples confirmed by biochemical and other tes...

Escherichia coli bacteria with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) type CTX-M resistance were isolated from water samples collected close to research stations in Antarctica. The isolates had bla(CTX-M-1) and bla(CTX-M-15) genotypes and sequence types (ST) indicative of a human-associated origin. This is the first record of ESBL-producing enterobacteria from Antarctica.

Resistance to β-lactams is constantly increasing due to the emergence of totally new enzymes but also to the evolution of preexisting β-lactamases. GES-1 is a clinically relevant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) that hydrolyzes penicillins and broad-spectrum cephalosporins but spares monobactams and carbapenems. However, several GES-1 variants (i.e., GES-2 and GES-5) previously identified a...

Acknowledgments We dedicate this work to the late Andrew Spielman, our coauthor and beloved mentor. We thank J. Rivero, I. Pérez, M. Méndez, I. Matheus, M. Aguiar de Bracho, I. Carreño, J.M. Hernández, A. Nagy, A. Suarez, N. Moncada, M. Kilpatrick, E. Rodriguez, E. Marquez, E. Marian, B. Hernández; C. Rivero-Blanco, M. Azar, J. Rodriguez, H. Montañez, F. Alfonzo, and G. Rangel for their contrib...

Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2006 863 recovered and were discharged within 1 to 6 days. The 3.4% incidence of HBoV observed in our study is similar to that (3.1%) reported by Allander et al. (2). HBoV was the only infectious agent identified in 6 children, which suggests that it was the causative agent of the disease. However, more studies conducted in ch...

1. Threlfall EJ. Epidemic Salmonella typhimurium DT104 – a truly international epidemic clone. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000;46:7–10. 2. Lawson AJ, Desai M, O’Brien SJ, Davies RH, Ward LR, Threlfall EJ. Molecular characterisation of an outbreak strain of multiresistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 in the UK. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004;10:143–7. 3. Briggs CE, Fratamico PM. Molec...