Domains in Continuous Constraint Programming (CP) are generally represented with intervals whose n-ary Cartesian product (box) approximates the solution space. This paper proposes a new representation for continuous variable domains based on octagons. We generalize local consistency and split to this octagon representation, and we propose an octagonal-based branch and prune algorithm. Prelimina...

The class V cymbal is a flextensional transducer commonly used in low-power ultrasonic applications. The resonance frequency of the transducer can be tailored by the choice of end-cap and driver materials, and the dimensions of the end-caps. The cymbal transducer has one significant limitation which restricts the operational vibration amplitude of the device. This is the limit imposed by the me...

In Spain, there are more than 250,000 tractors built before 1980, when it became mandatory for all new tractors to be equipped with a rollover protective structure (ROPS). A similar situation is found in the European Union, but the situation is worse in the U.S. and in developing countries. Directive 2003/37/EEC establishes that tractors over 800 kg weight can be homologated by using the OECD s...

We use the subgraph replacement method to prove a simple product formula for the tilings of an octagonal counterpart of Propp’s quasi-hexagons (Problem 16 in New Perspectives in Geometric Combinatorics, Cambridge University Press, 1999), called quasi-octagon.

The machine-tractor fleet of enterprises is an important link in the production products various branches industry Ukraine. timely performance transport, agricultural, road construction and other works, ultimately cost or services, largely depend on its effective work. Rolling bearings are one most common technical devices used machines. They determine reliability devices. resource tractor chas...

The effect of aperture shape on an image, known in photography as ‘bokeh’, is an important characteristic of depth of field in real-world cameras. However, most real-time depth of field techniques produce Gaussian bokeh rather than the circular or polygonal bokeh that is almost universal in real-world cameras. ‘Scattering’ (i.e. point-splatting) techniques provide a flexible way to model any ap...

We derived explicit formulae for the eccentric connectivity index and Wiener index of 2-dimensional square-octagonal TUC4C8(R) lattices with open and closed ends. New compression factors for both indices are also computed in the limit N-->∞.

In this study, an antenna is proposed that operates at THz spectrum for sixth generation (6G) short-range future wireless communications. A modified photonic band gap (MPBG) substrate employed to design octagonal ring shaped microstrip patch with wideband and high gain properties. Unlike the conventional (PBG) form, MPBG structure created by variable sized cylindrical air holes. The radii of ea...

in iran, onion plants are currently broadcast over the majority of onion fields and weeding and harvesting are done manually by seasonal workers. at harvest time, 40 worker-days are required to onion dig just one hectare. this cost could be saved if the operation could be carried out by machine. rear-mounted diggers can only be implemented if 40 cm spacing between rows is allowed for each tract...

Cyclosporin synthetase, a multifunctional polypeptide, catalyses the biosynthesis of the set of natural cyclosporins. We report that this enzyme is also capable of introducing a beta-alanine into position 7 or 8 of the ring instead of the alpha-alanines present at these positions in cyclosporin A. This leads to 34-membered rings in contrast to the 33-membered ring of the cyclo-undecapeptide cyc...