obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is characterized by intrusive thoughts or images (obsessions) and/or rigid rituals that may be driven by obsessions (compulsions). controlled outcome studies investigating the efficacy of psychological treatments for ocd and exposure and response prevention (erp) has been found to be the “treatment of choice” for ocd. moreover, mindfulness-based approaches ha...

Few studies have looked at the experience of exposure therapy (ET) amongst underrepresented populations. African-American (AA) women may be at higher risk for anxiety and experience treatment differently than their Caucasian counterparts. Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) is suited to examine differences in treatment experiences because a measure of “presence” exists to quantify the experi...

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an often severe, chronic, and disabling disorder, and although some controlled trials of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) have shown efficacy, the body of evidence is still limited. The condition is generally considered difficult to treat, and further research to determine the effectiveness of psychological treatments for BDD is needed. The present study is the...

This paper reviews the move from virtual reality exposure-based therapy to augmented reality exposure-based therapy (ARET). Unlike virtual reality (VR), which entails a complete virtual environment (VE), augmented reality (AR) limits itself to producing certain virtual elements to then merge them into the view of the physical world. Although, the general public may only have become aware of AR ...

The success rate for treating phobias with in vivo exposure is high. Unfortunately, few phobics (less than 15-20%) ever seek treatment. Virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy is also proving to be highly effective. The present surveys assessed 162 students high in fear of spiders. In Study 1, when asked to choose between multisession in vivo exposure vs. multisession VR exposure therapy, 81% cho...

in this study, the authors reported a case of woman with severe compulsion who became pregnant during the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. we carried out repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and behavior therapy simultaneously after repeated medications' refraction. the patient received 20 sessions 1 hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in right dorsolateral...

In the treatment guidelines developed by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, exposure therapy was named as the best therapy for PTSD. Exposure therapy has consistently been shown to be more effective than no treatment controls. It also has been shown superior to supportive counseling for PTSD symptoms. Studies have revealed that It has been shown to be at least equally effec...

Exposure therapy, despite its demonstrated efficacy for chronic PTSD, remains underutilized across clinical settings. One suggested cause is that traumatized clients may not prefer exposure treatment. This paper reviews the current literature on factors associated with treatment preference for exposure therapy. Contrary to expectations, exposure-based therapy is not only perceived as a viable t...