Metaheuristic algorithms are used to solve NP-hard optimization problems. These algorithms have two main components, i.e. exploration and exploitation, and try to strike a balance between exploration and exploitation to achieve the best possible near-optimal solution. The bat algorithm is one of the metaheuristic algorithms with poor exploration and exploitation. In this paper, exploration and ...

The knowledge that is now emerging from genomics of man and pathogens and from biochemical and structural biology programs has the potential to accelerate drug discovery. Genome sequences, and most recently non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms and somatic mutations, when taken together with structural and functional information on the gene products, can provide insights into the relat...

Entropy can be described qualitatively as a measure of energy dispersal. The concept itself is linked to disorder: entropy is a measure of disorder, and nature tends toward maximum entropy for any isolated system. One of the fields in which energy dispersal can be quantified is eye scanning in visual search. It is well known that visual research time in eye scanning is influenced by the number ...

The Autonomous Exploration for Gathering Increased Science (AEGIS) system enables automated data collection by planetary rovers. AEGIS software was uploaded to the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission’s Opportunity rover in December 2009 and has successfully demonstrated automated onboard targeting based on scientist-specified objectives. Prior to AEGIS, images were transmitted from the rover t...

The primary goal of rational drug discovery is the identification of selective ligands which act on single or multiple drug targets to achieve the desired clinical outcome through the exploration of total chemical space. To identify such desired compounds, computational approaches are necessary in predicting their drug-like properties. G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the la...

The cardinal feature of spatial neglect is severely impaired exploration of the contralesional space, a failure resulting in unawareness of many contralesional stimuli. This deficit is exacerbated by a reflexive attentional bias toward ipsilesional items. Here we show that, in addition to these spatially lateralized failures, neglect patients also exhibit a severe bias favouring stimuli present...

Geo-anomalies with complex structures in the earth’s crust may be defined as preferable hydrothermal oreforming targets. The separation and explanation of anomaly from geological background have a profound influence on the analysis of geological evolution and the ore-forming process. Usually one of the key steps to identify favorable exploration targets is to determine the threshold to separate...

Derived through the dual focus of psychology and neuroscience, disciplines such as Affective Neuroscience and Neuropsychoanalysis may offer new directions of approach to many pathologies, which demonstrate psychical and somatic etiology. Insights gained from these two trustworthy yet still peripheral scientific disciplines, are deserving of consideration and exploration. It is the purpose of th...

INTRODUCTION With low 5-year survival rates and little progress in therapy, improvements in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell lung cancer (LCC) are warranted. We hypothesized that different SCLC and LCC microarray data sets will share commonly perturbed pathways leading to the identification of new targets for therapeutic development. MET...

This paper was motivated by the problem of developing an optimal strategy for exploring a large oil and gas field in the North Sea. Where should we drill first? Where do we drill next? The problem resembles a classical multiarmed bandit problem, but probabilistic dependence plays a key role: outcomes at drilled sites reveal information about neighboring targets. Good exploration strategies will...