The main hypothesis of the presented study is that the negative effect of phosphorus leaching from a green roof substrate can be reduced by including P-reactive material in a drainage layer. In this work, different aggregates (Pollytag, lightweight expanded clay aggregates, chalcedony, serpentynite and crushed autoclaved aerated concrete) to be used as the green roof drainage layer are describe...

The primary objective of this research study was to test the applicability and optimize the design parameters of a system of biological aerated filters in order to obtain an optimal effluent from the citrus industry, which would allow its drainage into the municipal sewer system. Expanded clay was used as a support material. After experimenting with both countercurrent and cocurrent flows as we...

Clay, as a rock term, describes a soft, loose, earthy material containing particles with an average grain size of less than than 0.004 mm (4 mm) in the Wentworth grain size scale and less than 0.002 mm (2 mm) in most soil investigations. Clay is composed mostly of clay minerals, but may also contain quartz, feldspar, carbonates, ferruginous material, and other non-clay materials. All clays, apa...

Iron-bearing phyllosilicates strongly influence the redox state and mobility of uranium because of their limited hydraulic conductivity, high specific surface area, and redox reactivity. Standard extraction procedures cannot be accurately applied for the determination of clay-Fe(II/III) and U(IV/VI) in clay mineral-U suspensions such that advanced spectroscopic techniques are required. Instead,...

Naturally occurring clay colloidal particles are heavily involved in sediment processes in the subsurface soil. Due to the importance of these processes in the subsurface environment, the transport of clay colloidal particles has been studied in several disciplines, including soil sciences, petrology, hydrology, etc. Specifically, in environmental engineering, clay colloid release and transport...

Seven current methods of protein quantitation, Bradford (standard, micro, and 590/450 nm ratio), Lowry, bicinchoninic acid (BCA), UV spectrophotometry at 280 nm, and Quant-iT fluorescence-based determination, were compared with regard to their susceptibility to interferences due to the presence of suspended and not easily detectable clay particles. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Na-Wyoming mont...

I N T R O D U C T I O N T h e s t u d y o f c lay f o r m a t i o n i n soils m a y b e d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e p a r t s : (1) a q u a n t i t a t i v e e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e a m o u n t o f c lay f o r m e d f r o m a g i v e n a m o u n t o f p a r e n t m a t e r i a l , (2) a q u a l i t a t i v e e v a l u a t i o n of t h e k i n d o f m i n e r a l s a n d o t h e r s u ...

Smectites or swelling clay minerals are naturally occurring nanomaterials that can be fully delaminated to elementary clay mineral platelets in dilute aqueous dispersion. This review article gives an overview of the recent progress on how the elementary clay mineral platelets can be reorganized in monolayered or multilayered hybrid nanofilms by layer-by-layer assembly or the Langmuir-Blodgett t...

-The addition of a 10% talc internal standard to North Pacific sediments allows the relative abundances of clay minerals to be determined both accurately and precisely by X-ray powder diffractometry. Linear programming can be used to generate factors for converting talc-normalized peak areas to weight percentages; hence, absolute clay-mineral abundances can be estimated. This procedure minimize...

OBJECTIVE To understand the significance of clay art therapy for psychiatric patients admitted in a day hospital. METHODOLOGY Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, undertaken with 16 patients in a day hospital in Londrina, in the state of Parana, Brazil, who participated in seven clay therapy sessions. Data collection took place from January to July 2012 through interviews guided...