نتایج جستجو برای: exosome
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Recent data reveal that a substantial fraction of transcripts generated by RNA polymerases I, II, and III are rapidly degraded in the nucleus by the combined action of the exosome and a noncanonical poly(A) polymerase activity. This work identifies a domain within the yeast nucleolus that is enriched in polyadenylated RNAs in the absence of the nuclear exosome RNase Rrp6 or the exosome cofactor...
Exosomes are small endosome-derived extracellular vesicles implicated in cell-cell communication and are secreted by living cells when multivesicular bodies (MVBs) fuse with the plasma membrane (PM). Current techniques to study exosome physiology are based on isolation procedures after secretion, precluding direct and dynamic insight into the mechanics of exosome biogenesis and the regulation o...
Exosomes are vesicles which have garnered interest due to their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Isolation of pure yields of exosomes from complex biological fluids whilst preserving their physical characteristics is critical for downstream applications. In this study, we use 100 nm-liposomes from 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol as a model system as a model ...
Polyadenylation is a process common to almost all organisms. In eukaryotes, stable poly(A)-tails, important for mRNA stability and translation initiation, are added to the 3' ends of most mRNAs. Contrarily, polyadenylation can stimulate RNA degradation, a phenomenon witnessed in prokaryotes, organelles and recently, for nucleus-encoded RNA as well. Polyadenylation takes place in hyperthermophil...
Autophagy-lysosomal pathway is a cellular protective system to remove aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. Meanwhile, exosome secretion has emerged as a mode to selectively clear the neurotoxic proteins, such as α-synuclein. Mounting evidence suggests that these two cellular processes are coordinated to facilitate the clearance of toxic cellular waste; however the regulators for the tran...
Exosomes are a particular type of extracellular vesicle, characterized by their endosomal origin as intraluminal vesicles present in large endosomes with a multivesicular structure. After these endosomes fuse with the plasma membrane, exosomes are secreted into the extracellular space. The ability of exosomes to carry and selectively deliver bioactive molecules (e.g., lipids, proteins, and nucl...
The eukaryotic RNA exosome is a ribonucleolytic complex involved in RNA processing and turnover. It consists of a nine-subunit catalytically inert core that serves a structural function and participates in substrate recognition. Best defined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enzymatic activity comes from the associated subunits Dis3p (Rrp44p) and Rrp6p. The former is a nuclear and cytoplasmic RNase ...
Turnover of mRNA in the cytoplasm of human cells is thought to be redundantly conducted by the monomeric 5'-3' exoribonuclease hXRN1 and the 3'-5' exoribonucleolytic RNA exosome complex. However, in addition to the exosome-associated 3'-5' exonucleases hDIS3 and hDIS3L, the human genome encodes another RNase II/R domain protein-hDIS3L2. Here, we show that hDIS3L2 is an exosome-independent cytop...
Release of redox enzymes and micro-RNAs in extracellular vesicles, during infection and inflammation
Many studies reported that redox enzymes, particularly thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin, can be released by cells act as soluble mediators in immunity. Recently, it became clear peroxiredoxins secreted via the exosome-release route, yet remains unclear how this exactly happens why. This review will first introduce briefly possible states of protein cysteines role enzymes their regulation. We then ...
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