The growth of a two-phase cloud of a liquid fuel in a stagnant atmosphere is studied using computational fluid dynamic techniques. In order to predict the danger and hazard of such cloud in open atmosphere it is very important to determine the fuel concentration in the cloud, especially in the far field region from the fuel reservoir. The results show that with omission of droplets break up...

The paper is focused on the formation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) in polyelectrolyte-modified microemulsions, in a microemulsion template phase consisting of cyclohexane, water, cationic surfactant and cosurfactant, in the presence of Na-polyacrylate (PAA) as an anionic polyelectrolyte. It is shown that PAA, can be incorporated into the individual inverse microemulsion droplets. The m...

a thermodynamic analysis of the counter flow wet cooling tower (cwct) in the steelmaking unit of the khuzestan steel company (ksc) is performed in this paper. we evaluated both energy and exergy formulations for analyzing the heat and mass transfer, exergy and second-law efficiency in this cooling tower. the lewis factor le f is an indication of the relative rates of heat and mass transfer in a...

Abstract When a liquid droplet freezes on cooled substrate, the portion of latent heat released by ice formation that is not immediately absorbed supercooled transferred to solid substrate below and surrounding air. It important quantify dissipation through these two pathways because they govern propagation frost between multiple droplets. In this paper, infrared (IR) thermography measurements ...

Methods were developed for the separation, detection, and quantification of tocopherols and phytosterols by high-performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light-scattering detector. Four tocopherolsa, fJ, y and o-and four phytosterols-campesterol, fJ-sitosterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol-were analyzed in soybean, sunflower, low-erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) and com oils. The us...

We show that 18O evaporative enrichment of bulk leaf water in grass species can be significantly more enriched than predicted by the Craig-Gordon model, with C4 grasses considerably more enriched than C3 grasses. Our results suggest that the unanticipated 18O leaf water enrichment of grasses is attributable to the progressive evaporative enrichment along parallel veins (a function of both leaf ...

In this study, a membrane-integrated glass capillary device for preparing small-sized water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion droplets is demonstrated. The concept of integrating microfluidics to prepare precise structure-controlled double emulsion droplets with the membrane emulsification technique provides a simple method for preparing small-sized and structure-controlled double emulsion dropl...

We consider ow in a thin lm generated by partially submerging a rigid plate in a reservoir of ethanol-or methanol-water solutions and wetting its surface. Evaporation leads to concentration and surface tension gradients that drive ow up the plate. An experimental study indicates that the climbing lm is subject to two distinct instabilities. The rst is a convective instability characterized by a...

s (to be published) Abstract No. 1-M3. [9] W. Petrich, M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, and E. A. Cornell, in Fourteenth International Conference on Atomic Physics, Boulder Colorado, 1994 (Ref. [8]). [10] M. Kasevich (private communication). [11] E. Tiesinga, A. J. Moerdijk, B. J. Verhaar, and H. T. C. Stoof, Phys. Rev. A 46, R1167 (1992). [12] H. F. Hess, Phys. Rev. B 34, 3476 (1986). [13] K. B. ...

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and conventional microbiological methods were used to detect bacterial contamination of egg shells and egg content in different commercial housing systems, open house system and evaporative cooling system. A PCR assay was developed for direct detection using a set of primers specific for the invasion by A gene (invA) of Salmonella spp. PCR detected the pres...