BACKGROUND A novel estradiol-based combined oral contraceptive (COC) is currently available in many countries worldwide, including Europe and the US. Based on previous studies, it is expected that this estradiol-based COC will have a reduced hepatic effect compared with COCs containing ethinylestradiol with regard to proteins controlling the hemostatic balance. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study...

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), especially those that are estrogenic, are an issue of growing concern because they may ultimately adversely affect wildlife survival. 17-beta-Estradiol and its synthetic counterpart, 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol, two common EDCs, are associated with intersex conditions and impaired male reproductive behavior in fish. Male and female Japanese medaka (Oryzias l...

Heightened concern over endocrine-disrupting chemicals is driven by the hypothesis that they could reduce reproductive success and affect wildlife populations, but there is little evidence for this expectation. The pharmaceutical ethynylestradiol (EE2) is a potent endocrine modulator and is present in the aquatic environment at biologically active concentrations. To investigate impacts on repro...

The developing central nervous system may be particularly sensitive to bisphenol A (BPA)-induced alterations. Here, pregnant Sprague Dawley rats (n = 11-12/group) were gavaged daily with vehicle, 2.5 or 25.0 μg/kg BPA, or 5.0 or 10.0 μg/kg ethinyl estradiol (EE2) on gestational days 6-21. The BPA doses were selected to be below the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 5 mg/kg/day. On pos...

It is well known that estrogenic compounds affect development of fertilized eggs of many species of birds, fish and amphibians through disrupted activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA). The most potent activity comes from the most commonly occurring synthetic sterol, 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2). Less is known about the responses of aquatic phytoplankton to these compounds. Here we show for the first...

Xenoestrogens from synthetic or natural origin represent an increasing risk of disrupted endocrine functions including the physiological activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad axis. Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is a synthetic estrogen used in contraceptive pills, whereas zearalenone (ZEA) is a natural mycoestrogen found with increasing prevalence in various cereal crops. Both EE2 and ZEA are ag...

Abstract The increasing occurrence of steroidal hormone micropollutant in the aquatic environment and their associated consequences have caused serious environmental concerns globally. Adsorptive removal hormonal pollutants using polymeric membranes has been suggested but information on performance various conditions is lacking. In this study, we examined effect salinity polyethersulfone (PES) ...

This work aimed at the degradation of synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) via a combined photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process. Pristine TiO2/WO3 photoanodes were fabricated used in this work. The removal 1 mg L−1 EE2 increased from 47.9 % to 88.8 60 min by adding 10 PMS an external bias V. was degraded presence 0.05 M sodium sulfate as electrolyte. rate con...