Background: One of the most common causes of infertility in women is ovulatory dysfunction (PCOS) and the choice of treatment is clomiphene citrate. One of the mechanism of dichotomy between the rate of ovulation and pregnancy is anti estrogenic effects of clomiphene citrate on endometrium. According to its long half life, the anti estrogenic effects probably exacerbate in consecutive cycles. W...

Protected L-homoDMDP en-8 and its C-6 epimer en-7 were prepared through two different pathways starting from the vinylpyrrolidine en-9. Based on the NMR and X-ray analysis, the stereochemistry of homoDMDP at C-6 was confirmed to be consistent with reported data. Compounds en-7 and en-8 are general intermediates for the synthesis of a series of 6-C-alkylated DMDP-related natural products, such a...

Most effluents from wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) contain estrogenic chemicals that include steroidal estrogens and xenoestrogens. We investigated the nature of mixtures of estrogenic contaminants taken up by two species of fish exposed to two WwTWs effluents. Sexually immature rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and sexually mature roach, Rutilus rutilus, were exposed to tap water, river ...

This study seeks to delineate the ligand interactions that drive biomarker induction in fish exposed to estrogenic pollutants and provide a case study on the capacity of human (h) estrogen receptor (ER)-based in vitro screening assays to predict estrogenic effects in aquatic species. Adult male Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to solutions of singular steroidal estrogens or to the...

For screening chemicals possessing endocrine disrupting potencies, the uterotrophic assay has been placed in a higher level in the OECD testing framework than the ER binding assay to detect ER-mediated activities. However, there are no studies that can demonstrate a clear relationship between these assays. In order to clarify the relationship between the in vitro ER binding and in vivo uterotro...

The developing fetus is uniquely sensitive to perturbation with estrogenic chemicals. The carcinogenic effect of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is the classic example. Because phytoestrogen use in nutritional and pharmaceutical applications for infants and children is increasing, we investigated the carcinogenic potential of genistein, a naturally occurring plant estrogen in soy,...

A white-rot basidiomycete, Phlebia tremellosa, produced a laccase that showed increased activity during degradation of phthalates. A laccase was purified through the ion exchange chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis, and the estimated molecular weight was 75 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified laccase was pH 4.0 and 20 degrees C, respectively. The K(m) value of the...

The change in the bisphenol A (BPA) content in a polycarbonate (PC) orthodontic bracket and its leaching characteristics were studied by immersing the bracket in water because BPA has been the matter of controversy in dentistry due to its estrogenic potential. PC brackets were placed in water at 37 degrees C and 60 degrees C and the BPA content in the bracket and the amount of BPA released into...

We examined the receptor subtypes and signal transduction mechanisms contributing to the estrogenic modulation of cannabinoid-induced changes in energy balance. Food intake and, in some cases, O2 consumption, CO2 production and the respiratory exchange ratio were evaluated in ovariectomized female guinea pigs treated s.c. with the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 or its cremephor/ethan...