Screening trials are small trials used to decide whether an intervention is sufficiently promising to warrant a large confirmatory trial. Previous literature examined the situation where treatments are tested sequentially until one is considered sufficiently promising to take forward to a confirmatory trial. An important consideration for sponsors of clinical trials is how screening trials shou...

Drug trade-related violence has escalated dramatically in Mexico since 2007, and recent years have also witnessed large-scale efforts to combat trafficking, spearheaded by Mexico’s conservative PAN party. This study examines the direct and spillover effects of Mexican policy towards the drug trade. Regression discontinuity estimates show that drug-related violence increases substantially after ...

BACKGROUND In the wake of collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asia has transformed into a key hub along the Afghan opiates trafficking routes. Around 30 percent of the heroin manufactured in Afghanistan is estimated to be smuggled through Central Asian republics in its way to booming drug markets in Russia and Eastern Europe. METHODS Building upon available evidence and extensive fieldwork ...

BACKGROUND Street-involved youth are known to be an economically vulnerable population that commonly resorts to risky activities such as drug dealing to generate income. While incarceration is common among people who use illicit drugs and associated with increased economic vulnerability, interventions among this population remain inadequate. Although previous research has documented the role of...

BACKGROUND Dread Pirate Roberts, founder of the first cryptomarket for illicit drugs named Silk Road, articulated libertarian political motives for his ventures. Previous research argues that there is a significant political component present or involved in cryptomarket drug dealing which is specifically libertarian. The aim of the paper is to investigate the prevalence of political discourses ...

We call a module  essentially retractable if HomR for all essential submodules N of M. For a right FBN ring R, it is shown that: (i)  A non-zero module  is retractable (in the sense that HomR for all non-zero ) if and only if certain factor modules of M are essentially retractable nonsingular modules over R modulo their annihilators. (ii)  A non-zero module  is essentially retractable if and on...

The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, problem relating to heroin addiction among young generation is increasing day by day. Drug trafficking illicit cultivation opium within the are affecting youth. geographical location Kashmir (UT) highly vulnerable as illegal routing drugs (heroin) from Pakistan Kashmir. Methods: This study examined socio-demographic profile substance abusers (85 patient...

Corporate sustainable development emphasizes on increasing economic profits without creating environmental and social damages. This study explores the control of drug trafficking in plantation Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) or state-owned enterprise (SOE) area to achieve an company profit. The shall not sacrifice future generation but can still realize development. To improve quality life crea...

Background: Most patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a DF508 mutation resulting in abnormal retention of mutant gene protein (DF508-CFTR) within the cell. This study was undertaken to investigate DF508-CFTR trafficking in native cells from patients with CF with the aim of discovering pharmacological agents that can move DF508-CFTR to its correct location in the apical cell membrane. Method:...