PURPOSE To investigate the clinical course in patients who underwent surgical correction of consecutive esotropia. METHODS The medical records of 13 patients who underwent surgical correction of consecutive esotropia were reviewed retrospectively. The authors investigated the deviation and surgical method at the time of exotropia surgery. During the follow up period, the authors also studied ...

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to examine the distribution of refractive errors and clinical characteristics of strabismus in Korean patients with Down's syndrome. METHODS A total of 41 Korean patients with Down's syndrome were screened for strabismus and refractive errors in 2009. RESULTS A total of 41 patients with an average age of 11.9 years (range, 2 to 36 years) were screened. Ei...

PURPOSE Esotropia is a feature of albinism. Amongst esotropic patients there may be mild unrecognised albinos. Oculocutaneous albinism shares several clinical features with congenital esotropia. It is well known that mammals with oculocutaneous albinism have misrouted retinal ganglion cell axons, most likely caused by the absence of melanin or DOPA during development. We investigated the hypoth...

PURPOSE To report refractive and surgical outcomes in a cohort of children with accommodative esotropia. DESIGN Retrospective population-based cohort. PARTICIPANTS All pediatric patients (<19 years) diagnosed with accommodative esotropia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1975, to December 31, 1994. METHODS Medical records identified by the Rochester Epidemiology Project were r...