Urban fringe is an active expanding belt, indicating urban-rural interaction processes. Previous studies have attempted to define urban as the transitional area between and rural areas, but there a lack of quantitative analysis periphery boundaries. We developed novel, Spatial Segmentation Model (SSM), detect extent via calculating share built-up land. Within fringe, we statistically compared n...

In this paper, an efficient method of extraction of roads from a given set of data base is explained. The extraction of roads plays an important role in urban planning. The other applications of road extractions are identification of isolated buildings that need to be detected and updating of GIS data base according to the requirements of the human expertise. Edge detection techniques such as c...

Roads are essential component of topographic maps and spatial databases. The challenge in automated generalisation of road networks is to derive a connected network while maintaining the structure for the intended target scale and to achieve this with minimum user intervention. A lot of methods to select, displace and simplify roads have been presented; the focus here is on the generalisation o...

Environmental conditions are key drivers of life-history evolution, and the urban environment is an extreme form of land-use readily inhabited by avian wildlife, whose life-history variation in such altered environment is still poorly understood. Recently, the study of environmental variables associated with urban living—which include shifts in temperature, light, noise or food availability—has...

built environment does not “simply appear overnight, like a movie-set springing up on a vacant lot, but has to be produced”.thus, the first point in dealing with such an environment is considered to be the tracing of time in the evaluation of the city and keeping in mind that the whole is more than its parts. the last point becomes naturally understood when the process of city building is p...

The perceived inclination of slopes is generally overestimated. We claim that overestimation depends on the use of impoverished stimuli and on the distance between the observer and an inclined surface. In experiment 1, participants reported the perceived inclination of a set of urban roads from two different viewing distances. Observers did not overestimate the perceived inclination of slopes w...

While two-dimensional maps exist for most urban areas, the descriptions may be incomplete or out of date, or of insufficient resolution for the given application and features such a roads are not described as 3-D objects. Most of the past work on road detection has concentrated on either low resolution, primarily rural roads (usually producing “spaghetti” roads with no notion of intersections),...

Generalization is certainly one of the most important current issues in cartography, with particular emphasis being placed on its automation. This paper considers the automation of generalization applied to road networks primarily urban roads. In this context car navigation is considered as main subject. As Timpf et al. (1992) stated car navigation require data at a wide range of scales and at ...

World population is raising, especially the part of people living in cities. With increased population and complex roles regarding their inhabitants and their surroundings, cities concentrate difficulties for design, planning and analysis. These tasks require a way to reconstruct/model a city. Traditionally, much attention has been given to buildings reconstruction, yet an essential part of cit...

Speed and traffic volume data are collected on different sections of four lane and six lane roads in three metropolitan cities in India. Speed data are analyzed to fit the statistical distribution to individual vehicle speed data and all vehicles speed data. It is noted that speed data of individual vehicle generally follows a normal distribution but speed data of all vehicle combined at a sect...