Most horses are owned with the intent that they perform exercise. Exercise will impact all the body processes, especially the function of the muscular, skeletal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. This OSU Extension Fact Sheet provides an overview of how horses respond to exercise, and how physical conditioning enhances this response. Physical conditioning refers to the body’s long term a...

Introduction Gastrointestinal parasitism remains a significant health problem in horses, although the nature of the problem has changed in the past 20 years. It is probably fair to state that ivermectin revolutionized control of gastrointestinal parasites of horses, but the use of ivermectin, or any other anthelmintic, did not eliminate equine gastrointestinal parasites. When administered at re...

The relationship between tarsocrural osteochondrosis (OCD) and presence of osteochondral fragments in fetlock joints has been previously investigated in racehorses, especially Standardbreds. The increased knowledge of the problem and the introduction and spread of arthroscopy probably reduced the negative effects of these lesions on racing careers. A large group of Standardbred yearlings have b...

Electrocardiographs (ECG’s) are useful in evaluating exercise intolerance, characterizing arrhythmias, and monitoring antiarrhythmic therapy in horses. However, conventional ECG units are expensive, can be difficult to use on refractory patients, and are cumbersome pieces of equipment, especially in an ambulatory practice. In contrast, hand-held technology has recently become available to recor...

Successful identification, management, and prevention of injuries in sports horses requires a thorough understanding of the demands of each sport and the ways in which injury may be manifested. It is essential to be able to communicate with the client (be it the owner, the rider, or the trainer), which means understanding the terminology (or jargon) that goes with the sport. It is important to ...

Minerals play an essential role in the normal vital process.Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are the most abundant minerals. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone play a key role in regulation of their homeostasis as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone on 30 Caspian horses of Guilan Province (south of the Caspian Sea) in two...

caspian miniature horse is a rare small horse in iran. in this horse, brachiocephalic trunk originates from the craniodorsal of the convex part of the aortic arch. it supplies the head, neck, forelimbs and cranial part of the thoracic cavity. in this reseach topographical location of brachiocephalic trunk arising from the aorta and its ramifications have been studied. five caspian miniature hor...

BACKGROUND Despite improvements in child health, malnutrition still remains one of the main public health challenges in Iran. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare under nutrition among under-five children with regard to ethnicity in rural area in north Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS In three cross-sectional studies 7575 subjects in three time-periods including 2339 children in 1998, ...

INTRODUCTION A cleft lip with or without a cleft palate is one of the major congenital anomalies observed in newborns. This study explored the risk factors for oral clefts in Gorgan, Northern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This hospital-based case-control study was performed in three hospitals in Gorgan, Northern Iran between April 2006 and December 2009. The case group contained 33 newborns wit...