Hafez Shirazi was a distinguished Persian poet. His poetry collection, Divan, is regarded as a literary work of profound significance. Iranians view this collection as something much more than poetry because it is also used for bibliomantic purposes. After studying Hafez in his social context and exploring distinctive qualities of his Divan, particularly its application as a divination tool, th...

With the rise of ecological branch of literary criticism many critics have attempted to explore the relationship of literature and environment. Consequently the role of literature, and especially poetry is re-examined from ecocentric perspective, that is, poetry is considered as promoting ecological consciousness. Some of the critics eve argue that this consciousness can be converted into activ...

Literary genre “maqtal” came to literature from the arabs. Then it passed persians, and then Turkish literature. During time of prophet after him, wars their tragedies were called as "maqtal." The arabic word maqtal means "the place where a person is killed when he killed." XIV century specimens are richer than this one gives some materials for research. An acquaintance with Yusuf Maddah's masn...

maghameh is one of the literary styles that has been created in the fourth century. the present article studies various aspects of this literary style. first it defines it and then studies its formation and growth followed by its characteristics, sources and different views on it. it attempts to study malek al shoara bahar’s works and his goals in using maghameh, affects and similes in his poet...

the necessity of recorrecting some persian prose and poetic texts is an undeniable fact, especially the texts before the raid of mughals. unfortunately, the main problem of corrected texts is not just the lack or not using of authentic manuscripts but the reason should be sought in the method used by correctors and their lack of attention to several literary and linguistic principles. the negli...

1. introduction mahmoud dowlatabadi, the author of the famous novel of kelidar, is one of the style owner artists of iran; for him the elevated ways of how to say has constantly been of high importance; thus, he has always been yearning to procure a path for how to say, how to say better, more profoundly and more precisely, how to say more engagingly and more effectively, and made an attempt to...