نتایج جستجو برای: especially economics of property rights
تعداد نتایج: 21188639 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
There are many indices for measuring property rights (PR) security. They may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. Most of the proxies are subjective. One contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to PR protection. Calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...
CI [1]'s work on Access to Knowledge (A2K [2]) is predicated upon the fact that intellectual property rights (IPRs) are a consumer issue, not just an issue for business. For example, the expansion of the scope and enforcement of intellectual property rights at the behest of rights holders impacts on consumers by inhibiting the sharing and development of culture, by denying consumers the freedom...
in chapter one we will describe definitions and preliminary results to provide the global context of our own results to be presented in detail in the subsequent chapters in chapter two we consider degree-one maps of the circle and we study their rotation set. our main result in this chapter says that if the map is topologically mixing then its rotation interval is nontrivial (that is, not reduc...
folklore, in fact, is community (or collective) intellectual property. literal of folklore, in present , is unknown and , to some what, vaguable. this filed of law is pay attention to on behafe of wipo and unesco . two kinds of protection is established by legislators. firstly (mainly) protection, that promoting a sui generis system, and secondary (substitute) protectiofolklore, in fact, is com...
Objective: Economics of crime is an interdisciplinary topic that is intended to analyze crimes economically. Regarding the increase in crimes rates in our country, a comprehensive study of the causes of crime, especially economic crimes such as robbery is necessary, because it is directly related to the economy and accurate understanding of causal relationship between the two will help pol...
حجم فزاینده مبادلات تجاری اموال فکری بر ضرورت به کار گیری سیاس ت مناسب مالیاتی نسبت به حقوق مالکیت فکری تأکید دارد. در این خصوص موضوع در خور توجه نقش سیستم مالیاتی در دستیابی به مقاصد حقوق مال کی ت فک ری در راست ای تر ویج ابداعات و ارتقای توسعه اقتصادی و فرهنگی است. اقتضائات خاص نظام حقوق مالکی ت فکری عملا أخذ مالیات و مشخصا اعمال قواعد عمومی مالیاتی را بر دارای یهای فک ری چالش برانگیز و پیچیده...
The present study is about one of the most important contemporary issues in education and curriculum development, namely “human rights education”. By using content analysis, 36 textbooks of 2012-2013 school year with an overall of 3924 pages were studied and analyzed. For the analysis of the data, Shannon's entropy method derived from the theory of systems was used to obtain the credibility rat...
This article o¤ers an equilibrium analysis of the inuence of insecure property rights on macroeconomic outcomes. The purpose of the analysis is to show how principles of economics without the ideal of the rule of law can deepen our understanding of economic backwardness and development.
This paper analyzes the dynamic emergence of property rights in a decentralized economy devoid of an exogenous enforcement mechanism. Imperfection in property rights enforcement gives rise to appropriative activities, which take away resources from productive activities, and thus, hampers the performance of the economy. Therefore, agents in the economy strategically invest in definition and enf...
In Almost all countries around the world (developed as well as developing countries) the public sector economics has been growing very rapidly and caused the share of Government expenditures in GDP to rise over time. Although in recent years, especially from the end of 1980, for different reasons especially privatization the trend of public sector growth has been slowed, but the factors behindt...
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