simplification universal as a universal feature of translation means translated texts tend to use simpler language than original texts in the same language and it can be critically investigated through common concepts: type/token ratio, lexical density, and mean sentence length. although steps have been taken to test this hypothesis in various text types in different linguistic communities, in ...

During the Holocene Lake Orūmiye has been subjected to significant changes in climate. These have impacted the surround vegetation and runoff, and erosion rates of the surrounding basin. Shifts in seasonal rainfall from winter to summer dominated patterns have resulted in dramatic changes in the Orūmiye Basin’s vegetation cover from grass to shrub dominated communities. The degree of ground sur...

Studies related to erosion and soil conservation of litho logical and geological characteristics of catchments have particular importance, Due to their effects. Erosion and sediment production are related to many factors, in which, the sensitivity of geological formation to erosion is the most important parameter. In this study, formations sensitivity to erosion in two sub-basins of Doviraj Riv...

abstract: advertisements are the most accessible type of authentic materials, and this is one reason why they are used more and more in english teaching classes. for this cause, studies in the field of advertisements are very widespread nowadays. for pun is one aspect which makes advertisements more interesting, it is used more than before in advertisements. use of puns makes an advertisement m...

abstract: the present study is about prophet ishmael, some parts of his life; his personality in the quran and the bible; and the comparison of the content of these two religious books. compilation of the study has been done with a new perspective and new presentation approach. since prophets have been human beings’ role model and their life has been a perfect example for humanity in all ages,...

abstract nowadaysphotovoltaic solar cells (pvs) areacknowledged the fastest growing energy technology in the word, however, they only account for only fraction of current global renewable energy capacity. it isrecognized that this incomplete market penetration has been largely a result of the technology’sexcessive cost. so researchers are trying to find innovative, economic way with theaim of ...

this study aimed to investigate the effects of listening strategy training on iranian efl learners listening comprehension and use of such strategies. this work, employing an experimental methodology, was conducted among 60 adult efl learners from a language institute in isfahan, iran, as participants. the participants, who were selected based on the results of a placement test, were assigned t...

     Complication of initiation process, expansion of gully erosion and unfamiliarity of the function of soil physicochemical characteristics, effective in this type of erosion, is one of the most important challenges to achieve functional approaches in order to prevent it. According to the importance of loss areas in Golestan Province which is embarrassed a wide area and has an important role ...

Dam removal is one of the methods of restoring the river ecosystem. In the present study, the removal of the Voshmgir Dam on the Gorganrud River, Iran, was considered, because of the high volume of sediment deposition in the reservoir and the loss of its useful life. Three scenarios were selected for the removal of the dam: 1- complete removal; 2- stepped removal of the spillway; and 3- removal...